^^""^ Journal of Applied Microscopy 



power. Represent the slender capsule, the bulbous foot with wart-like out- 

 growths, and the short stalk with a growing zone between the foot and capsule 

 proper. Under high power note the stomata in the green tissue toward the 

 base of the capsule. Draw. 



5. Study a sporophyte in which the tip of the capsule has split open. 

 Notice the columella. 



6. Mount some of the spores and spore tetrads and draw under high power. 

 Describe the spore tetrads. 



7. If prepared slides are at hand, the details of the foot, the growing region, 

 and the capsule should be worked out. Note especially the arrangement of the 

 elaters, which have a tendency to separate the cavity of the capsule into trans- 

 verse compartments. 



8. Note.— The Anthocerotes come nearer to the lowest ferns than any other 

 Bryophytes and it is probable that the Bryophyte ancestors of the lowest Pterido- 

 phytes were something like a horned liverwort with perhaps a chlorophyll-bear- 

 ing tissue arranged somewhat like the hypophysis of a Splachnum. Anthoceros 

 also points to the Pteridophytes in that it has the antheridia and archegonia 

 embedded in the thallus. 



In Splachnum and Anthoceros together appear five structures which fore- 

 shadow or anticipate important structures in the Pteridophytes. These are : (1) 

 the bulbous foot and wart-like outgrowths of Anthoceros ; (2) the central strand 

 in the seta of Splachnum and other mosses ; (3) the intermediate growing zone 

 at the base of the Anthoceros capsule; (4) the large hypophysis of Splachnum 

 with numerous stomata ; and (5) the arrangement of the spores and elaters 

 (sterile tissue) in the capsule of Anthoceros. John H. Schaffner. 



Ohio State University. 



Industrial Microscopy. 

 I. 



INTRODUCTION. 



Up to within the present generation the use of the microscope has been lim- 

 ited almost exclusively to investigations of a purely scientific character, and such 

 instruments were but rarely found outside of the class-room or laboratory. In 

 the high schools, until comparatively recent years, it has been regarded as little 

 more than a scientific toy. At present, however, that attitude toward it is 

 rapidly changing. The leading high schools now have courses requiring 

 its use, while many of the schools consider one or more good compound micro- 

 scopes a necessity for demonstration purposes. Its application in the arts and 

 trades of the industrial world has also been marked. The merchantile world 

 welcomes anything that will assist in determining the character of goods being 

 handled. Of especial value has the microscope been in the examination of food 

 products, drugs (herbs), fabrics, and paper making materials. Mention should 

 also be made of its use in the great iron working establishments, which have 

 specially equipped laboratories for the examination of steel and other forms of 



