and Laboratory Methods. 2715 



NORMAL AND PATHOLOGICAL HISTOLOGY. 



JOSEPH H. PRATT, Harvard University Medical School. 



Books for Review and Separates of Papers on these Subjects should be Sent to Joseph H. Pratt, 

 Harvard University Medical School, Boston, Mass. 



BlutnerandQordinier. A case of chronic lymph- Blunier and (yordinier studied a case 

 atic leukaemia without enlargement of the , , i ,- i i • r i 



lymph nodes. Medical News, 1903, of lymphatic leukitmia of at least a 

 LXXXIII, p. 833. year's duration in which the lymph 



nodes were not enlarged. The clinical picture was that of pernicious anaemia. 

 As in the similar case of lymphatic leukaemia without enlargement of the lymph 

 nodes reported by Pappenheim and Reed, the striking feature of the patholog- 

 ical examination was the marked lymphoid change in the marrow of the long 

 bones. 



The predominating cell of the blood although resembling the normal lymph- 

 ocyte, presented points of difference of which the most important was the acid- 

 ophilic character of its protoplasm. The writers regard this prevailing type of 

 cell as identical with the predominating cell in Reed's case. They are inclined 

 to accept the theory of Rubinstein that both lymphocytes and erythrocytes orig- 

 inate from a colorless mother-cell in the bone marrow, and they regard the pre- 

 dominating white cell in the blood of their case as this mother-cell. Arrest of 

 development of this mother or ancestral cell would explain both the ansemia and 

 the lack of typical lymphocytes noted in their case. 



The writers held that lymphocytes in adults are formed normally both in the 

 lymph nodes and in the bone marrow. Theoretically, therefore, it would be 

 possible to have lymphatic leukaemia as a result of disease of the bone marrow, 

 or of the lymph nodes, or of both. When lymphatic leuksemia is of the ordinary 

 type, that is with enlargement of the lymph nodes, an increase of the typical 

 lymphocyte occurs, whereas in the cases without enlargement of the lymph nodes 

 the predominating cell differs from the ordinary lymphocyte and is formed in the 

 bone marrow. j. H. p. 



Weber, F. P. Ein Fall von akuter Leukasmie, Weber regards leukaemia as the result 

 mit emeni Schoma fur die Linteilung der 



Leukaimien und Pseudoleuksmien. Vir- of a neoplastic activity of the leucocyte 

 chow's Archiv. 1903, CLXXIV, p. 324. producing organs in which the tumor 



cells gain entrance into the blood stream. Hence the disease according to this 

 theory should be grouped with the new growths. If the less differentiated cells 

 of the type of the large lymphatics are drawn from the lymph nodes or from the 

 bone marrow lymphatic leukaemia is the result. In the acute cases the blood 

 usually contains more of the large than the small lymphocytes. If the more 

 differentiated cells, that is the granular cells of the bone marrow, are concerned 

 chiefly in the tumor formation, the pathological picture of myelogeneous leukaemia 

 is produced. According to this theory lymphatic leukaemia is a tumor arising 

 from the proliferation of a more embryonic cell-type than myelogenous leukaemia, 

 and this agrees with the fact that in its development and course lymphatic 



