The Nodular Worm. 



51 



is on them. Green crops should not be fed to lambs when wet. A 

 farmer will have to arrange his plans to meet the particular local and 

 seasonal conditions of his farm. The underlying principles as set 

 forth are, however, always the same. 



Once the larva has reached the stomach of the sheep it passes down 

 the intestinal canal, and it has to go throug^h two more larval stages 

 in order to reach the final adult one, when it will either be a male or a 

 female. These stages, or one of them at least, are passed in the 

 intestinal nodules, ^Mit accurate information is not yet at our disposal. 

 The damage to the sheep is thus not so much done by the adult worm 

 as in the case of the wireworms, which may be present in thousands 

 and after the removal of which the effects cease, but by the larvae in 

 producing the nodules and the inflammatory condition of the caecum 

 and colon. It is evident that no drug will reach these larvae well 

 hidden within the nodule, and any attempt to reach them there by 

 • dosing will be futile at the present stage of our knowledge concerning 

 vermicides. It is evident alsc that a vermifuge killing the adult 

 worms in the caecum would hardly b 'ng about an immediate improve- 

 ment in the condition of the sheep. The adults probably cause the 

 least trouble, the damage being done by the larvae. The idea might 

 be conceived to get at the larvae before they burrow into the intestinal 

 wall, but no information is at hand how long they will remain in the 

 intestinal lumen, and even if there would be such a stage, the locality 

 is entirely out of reach as already explained. Even if we should 

 succeed in finding a drug which kills the adult worms in the large 

 intestines, the sheep will still suffer from the effects of the larvae 

 until such time as, by killing off the adults, no more eggs and larvae 

 are produced and the farm becomes clean. Theoretically such a state 

 of affairs might be reached one day, practically it will be difficult or 

 almost impossible. The only effective way to deal with the nodular 

 worm infection is therefore to prevent the entry of the worm into the 

 sheep. — 



DrilliDg Oats. 



^Export of Grain. 



The exports of grain, etc., for the month of November were as 

 follows: Maize, 145,622 bags; maize meal, 96,471 bags; maize 

 flour, 300 bags; maize grit (rice), 3061 bags; hominy chop, 14,708 

 bags; Kaffir corn, 154 bags; oats, 99 bags; beans, 1075 bags. The 

 total number of bags exported from 1st July last to 30th November 

 was: Maize, 204,289 bags; maize meal, 135,325 bags; maize flour, 

 300 bags; maize grit, 3061 bags; hominy chop, 32,220 bags; Kaffir 

 corn, 164 bags; oats, 1054 bags; beans. 1213 bags; lucerne seed, 366 

 bags. Stocks on hand at all ports on 30th November, 1920, were in bags : 

 Maize, 49,488; maize meal, 71,001; hominy chop, 3650; beans, 70. 



