Agricultural Organization. 2G5 



In Eng'land duiiug the past eighteen months (-o-operation has 

 made phenomenal progress, mainly due, as in all other countries, to 

 necessity, the chief reasons being- unstable market in farmers' require- 

 n:ents, a feeling' of uncertainty about prices when control was 

 removed, the minimum wage and standardized working hours, and the 

 prospect of foreig-n competition. There is now the Agricultural 

 Organization Society, whose principal aim is to establish in every 

 county one or two large and well capitalized societies for the purchase 

 of the farmer's requirements and the sale of his produce, and, in the 

 case of counties where societies already exist, to get them strengthened 

 by increase of capital and unified by amalgamation. All societies 

 are formed under the Industrial and Provident Societies Acts. Then 

 there are other co-operative bodies such as the Farmers' Union, pig 

 breeding societies, milk testing societies, etc. At Oxford, the 

 Institute for Besearch in Agricultural Economics has been established, 

 where the farmer may obtain information on the cost of manuring and 

 the value of manure correctly applied, the cost of his milk per gallon, 

 and the allocation of that cost between food, labour, transport, and 

 management. There he can ascertain beyond doubt where a certain 

 method of farming pays and where need of a change is indicated. It 

 often happens that a farm makes a bad return because profitable and 

 unprofitable operations are carried out side by side. Above all, 

 costing's will show what wages the individual can afford and the 

 extent to which labour may hope to participate under some enlightened 

 system of profit-sharing. 



Kinds of Cotton G-ins to Use. 



The United States Department of Agriculture furnishes the 

 following information regarding the use of roller gins for ginning 

 long-staple cotton : " It is the custom in this country to gin only Sea 

 Island and Arizona Egyptian cottons on roller gins. The minimum 

 length of these varieties is about 1 r", ■ inches. 



" According to the American custom, only cottons with slick black 

 seed, that is those varieties which originate from the botanic variety 

 ' Barbadense,' are suited for ginning on roller gins. Long staples 

 vith fuzzy seed (' Hirsutum ' variety) are commonly ginned on saw 

 gins, even though the staple is sometimes as long as If or 1-jV inches. 

 It is found that saw gins will give a much larger out-turn than roller 

 gins. It is said that a good day's work on a saw gin on long-staple 

 cotton is about 8 bales of 500 pounds each, while a day's work on a 

 single roller gin is about li bales. 



"It is known that some damage is done to the staple of cotton 

 thiough the use of saw gins, but the greater production is supposed 

 to more than counterbalance this loss. It is the custom among 

 American ginners in ginning long staples on saw gins to slow down 

 the saws, to speed up the brush, and to run a light roll in the gin 

 box. The cotton should be reasonably dry, but not excessively so. 

 By following these simple rules, the damage done through ginning 

 long staples on saw gins is reduced to a minimum, and the best 

 economic results are accomplished, all things considered, through the 

 use of saw gins." 



