1894.] on Early British Races. 251 



Let us now trace man of this period on the Continent. In the 

 fluviatile deposits of the Somme and the Garonne stone implements 

 have been found and recognised by such competent authorities as Sir 

 John Evans, Mr. Franks, Professor Boyd Dawkins and others, as 

 identical with the drift Palaeolithic implements found in England ; 

 similar ones have been found in Spain, near Madrid, in Italy, Greece, 

 Germany and other places in Europe, also in Northern Africa, 

 Palestine and India. From these finds we learn that man has lived in 

 a similar state of civilisation to what he did in Britain, over a very 

 wide area ; they also show that he must have remained iu this stage 

 of culture for a very long time ; but they give no evidence that the 

 places where they are found were once inhabited by one and the same 

 race of people, as might be inferred from some authors. 



As regards his skeletal remains on the Continent, but few have 

 been found. At Canstadt, near Stuttgart, it is stated that a portion of 

 a skull was discovered in 1700, in deposits presumed to be of Palaeo- 

 lithic age, with bones of the cave bear and hyena, and mammoth.* 

 At Eguiskeim, near Colmar, Schaffhausen, a portion of another 

 cranium was found with mammoth and other animal remains of this 

 period. At Clichy, in the valley of the Seine, a skull and some 

 bones were found at depths varying from 4 to 5 • 4 metres from the 

 surface, in undisturbed strata, with mammoth, woolly rhinoceros, 

 horse and stag. The skull in these instances is long and narrow in 

 shape, with prominent supra-orbital and glabellar ridges ; the thigh 

 and leg bones of the Clichy skeleton are laterally compressed, the 

 former having a greatly developed lima aspera, the latter being 

 markedly platycnemic. Futher reference will be made to these 

 specimens when we deal with the Cave skeletons. 



Caverns and rock shelters are well known to have been used not 

 only by man but also by animals from remote times down to the 

 present day. The strata which have been deposited in them at 

 different times by their successive occupants and the vicissitudes of 

 climate are often well marked and give much valuable and reliable 

 information, but great care is required in discriminating the different 

 periods, which their contents represent. The remains of Palaeolithic 

 man deposited in caves are much more widely distributed over 

 England than those from the River-drift, having been found as far 

 north as Yorkshire and Derbyshire, in North and South Wales, 

 Gloucestershire, Monmouthshire, Somersetshire and Devonshire, 

 also in Ireland, although these latter have not been much worked. 

 The Palaeolithic Cave stratum shows three sub-strata, in the two 

 lower ones the flint implements are precisely similar to those of the 



* Since this was written Prof. Boyd Dawkins has informed me that in the 

 original record of the finds made at Canstadt in 1700 there is no mention of this 

 skull having been found, and that the first mention of it having been found 

 with them is in 1835. M. Cartailhac gives this later date as that when the 

 skull is first mentioned. 



s 2 



