254 Dr. J. G. Garson [April 20, 



of muscles, the articular ends of the femur are of larger size than 

 usual. The femur of the Spey skeleton is more arched forward 

 than usual, somewhat flattened from side to side in section, and the 

 articular ends are of large size, especially the lower, in which there 

 is enormous antero-posterior development of the articular surface of 

 the condyles. The tibia is actually and proportionately very short, 

 flattened laterally, and therefore platycnemic. The bones generally 

 are remarkable for their stoutness, and indicate that the muscles 

 attached to them were large and powerful, especially those of the 

 lower limb. In respect to the platycnemisni of the tibia, the Spey 

 skeleton corresponds to the Langerie Basse and Madelaine bones 

 from the Perigord Caves, and confirms in a very positive manner the 

 evidence of their surroundings and relics that Palaeolithic people 

 were sons of the chase, as it is connected with the development of the 

 tibialis posticus muscle, and not a race character. 



Portions of skulls and skeletons found in various parts of the 

 Continent, associated with Palaeolithic implements and animal remains 

 of late Pleistocene times, support the peculiar race characters of the 

 specimens just described. The osteological remains of Palaeolithic 

 age now in hand, from different parts of the Continent, seem to me to 

 afford sufficient evidence of the existence both in drift and in cave 

 deposits of a race of men possessing physical characters quite distinct 

 from those of the Neolithic period, which we will next consider. The 

 assertions which have been made at various times with respect to 

 individual specimens being more or less pathological, will, to my 

 mind, not hold good when we find specimen after specimen from the 

 same deposits showing similar characters. It may not be possible in 

 some cases to establish the fact that the specimen cannot have been 

 deposited at a later period in the stratum in which it is found, but a 

 careful examination of each specimen, such, for example, as Professor 

 Topinard has made of the mandible from Naulette, shows anatomical 

 conditions which, not in one respect, but in several, indicate as 

 distinctly as his implements the progress of man's evolution, and 

 preclude the idea of this type being a variety of the Neolithic people. 

 The specimens of Palaeolithic man seem to me to show identity of 

 race, whether they have been found in the River-drift or in the 

 Palaeolithic stratum of caves. The idea of Professor Boyd Dawkins, 

 that the implements found in the River-drifts and later Palaeolithic 

 deposits of caves give evidence of there being two Palaeolithic races, 

 is not supported by the osteological remains yet to hand. From 

 extensive examination of ancient British skeletons, I do not consider 

 that there is any evidence of the existence of the direct descendants 

 of Palaeolithic man among the osteological remains of Neolithic or 

 subsequent date in Britain. Here he seems to be as extinct as many 

 of his contemporary animals of the late Pleistocene period ; this, 

 may or may not be the case with respect to his existence in other 

 parts of Europe. "Whether he has still representatives in America, as 

 surmised by Professor Boyd Dawkins and some American anthropo- 



