1898] on Bringing Water to Birmingham from Wales. 691 



At the dams higher up the river, similar means are being 

 provided for the passing of flood waters, modified, of course, to meet 

 the circumstances of each case. The Craig- goch dam is to be built 

 on a curve in plan, all the other main dams being straight, and will 

 have a roadway carried over it on arches. The submerged dam will 

 also have a road over it, and as upon it must be laid a railway for the 

 conveyance of materials up the Claerwen Valley, its ends must be 

 built on practicable railway curves. 



Before closing this much-condensed description of the general 

 scheme and the works in the valley, I should like to say that out of 

 the 45,562 acres of the collecting area probably 40,000 consist of open 

 mountain pasture or moor land carrying not more than one small 

 sheep per acre. Diagram No. 8 gives a very fair idea of the general 

 character. This is the country just above the upper end of the 

 Craig-goch reservoir. 



In the lower parts of the valleys there is some cultivated land, 

 which will for the most part be occupied by the reservoirs, roads 

 and railways, the small farmsteads being submerged and all trees 

 and fences being removed below top water level of the reservoirs. 

 Practically the whole area will be expropriated ; only the cottages of 

 the very few shepherds needed, being left. The old manor house of 

 Nant-gwillt will be drowned, as also Cwm Elan House, for some time 

 the residence of Shelley, and the very small Nant-gwillt Church and a 

 Baptist chapel, from the grave- yard of which the remains of between 

 60 and 70 bodies have been removed and reinterred near a new chapel 

 erected below Caban Coch. 



Aqueduct. 



I will now shortly describe the course and mode of construction 

 of the aqueduct (Diagram No. 9). As has already been stated, the 

 aqueduct commences in the side of the Caban Coch reservoir above 

 the submerged or Caregddu dam, and terminates in the Frankley 

 service reservoir, nearly 74 miles distant. At its inlet there will be 

 a tower containing the controlling valves and simple screens to keep 

 out floating matters. The aqueduct goes immediately into tunnel, 

 a mile and a quarter in length, through the Foel, and emerges on the 

 side of the hill about 800 yards below the Caban dam. At about 

 4^ miles it crosses over the Mid Wales Eailway where that line is in 

 tunnel, and at 5 miles under the river Wye, a little south of the small 

 town of Rhayader. At 10 miles it passes the village of Nantmel, and 

 at 17 goes under the Central Wales Railway at Dolau, where it enters 

 a tunnel 4J miles long. At 26 miles it is just south of Knighton, 

 that point being at the east end of another tunnel 2 J miles long. At 

 35 miles it crosses over the river Teme, south of Leintwardine, then 

 runs along Bringwood Chase to just south of Ludlow, where it again 

 crosses the Teme. At 52^ miles it is half a mile north of Cleobury 

 Mortimer, and at 58 miles it crosses over the river Severn 3 miles 



