90 Mr. H. Heathcote Statham [Jan. 31, 



4. The architectural design, both internal and external, should arise 

 out of and express the scientific construction or the " statics " of the 

 building. 



5. Ornament must be so introduced as either to emphasize the con- 

 struction or to be manifestly independent thereof, and must be de- 

 signed with reference to the naaterial in which it is to be executed, 

 and the climate under which it is to be seen. 



6. No feature, not arising out of the plan or construction, can be 

 added to the architectural design of a building, under the pretext 

 that it is " ornamental." Such a feature is an architectural falsehood. 



It would not be to the purpose, however, to endeavour here to 

 illustrate these maxims by an attempt to evolve, in accordance with 

 them, a perfectly logical architecture out of the depths of our inner 

 consciousness. That is, in fact, what never has been done in the 

 whole history of the art, as far as we know ; for the very reason that 

 all true architecture, as remarked above, arises out of practical require- 

 ments, and is a continual attempt to improve upon the method of 

 meeting these requirements and of giving aesthetic expression to them, 

 so that every change in the form and style of architectural design is 

 linked with and developed from that which preceded it. 



Whenever this has not been so, it is because some particular form 

 of the architecture of the past has been seized upon for reproduction 

 and imitation, consciously and on sentimental rather than logical 

 grounds; a proceeding which has always resulted in producing a 

 sense of pretence and unreality, dissatisfying in the end even to those 

 who have initiated the movement. 



We may, however, usefully study the illustration of the principles 

 of logical design in architecture as exhibited in the two greatest and 

 most complete of existing styles — the Greek and the Gothic. 



The Greek Doric temple was structurally a very simple erection, 

 consisting of a central cell with a kind of " verandah" round it, formed 

 of upright pillars which carried horizontal beams, which again carried 

 short vertical blocks supporting the cornice, which on the flanks of 

 the building formed the termination of the slope of the roof, while at 

 the ends there was also a raking cornice defining the angle of the 

 roof-slope, and forming the finish of the roof in the longitudinal 

 direction. 



Now, if we denude the Doric temple of every feature which is not 

 necessary to its stability, and reduce it to its mere constructive 

 elements, we have such a building as is represented in the left-hand 

 side of Fig. 1 ; an erection merely of square stone supports, carry- 

 ing stone lintels laid from one to the other, these in turn carrying 

 tlie shorter vertical blocks which support the cornice, and between 

 which arc left square openings — "metopes" (/xeVwTra), intermediate 

 spaces — which, probably, in the simpler and earlier form of structure 

 that preceded the complete temple, were left merely as openings for 

 light or air. If we regard such a structure as representing the 



