1888.J on ilie Pygmy Races of 3Ien. 277 



chase, being most export in the use of the bow and arrow, and treated 

 as enemies and outcasts by the surrounding and more civilised tribes, 

 whose flocks and herds they show. little respect for when other game 

 is not within reach. The physical characters of these people are 

 well known, as many specimens have been brought to Euroi^e alive for 

 the puvjDose of exhibition. The hair shows the extreme of the frizzly 

 type ; being shorter and less abundant than that of the ordinary 

 Negro, it has the appearance of growing in separate tufts, which coil 

 up together into rouud balls compared to " peppercorns." The yellow 

 complexion differs from that of the Negro, and, combined with the 

 wide cheek-bones and form of the eyes, so much recalls that of certain 

 of the pure yellow races that some anthropologists are inclined to 

 trace true Mongolian affinities and admixture, although the extreme 

 crispness of the hair makes such a supposition almost impossible. 

 The width of the cheek-bones and the narrowness of the forehead and 

 the chin give a lozenge-shape to the front view of the face. The 

 forehead is prominent and straight ; the nose extremely flat and 

 broad, more so than in any other race, and the lips j)rominent and 

 thick, although the jaws are less prognathous than in the true Negro 

 races. The cranium has many special characters by which it can be 

 easily distinguished from that of any other. It has generally a very 

 feminine, almost infantile, appearance, though the capacity of the 

 cranial cavity is not the smallest, exceeding that of the Andamanese. 

 In general form the cranium is rather^ oblong than oval, having 

 straight sides, a flat top, and especially a vertical forehead, which 

 rises straight from the root of the nose. It is moderately doli- 

 chocephalic or rather mesaticephalic, the average index of ten 

 specimens being 75" 4. The height is in all considerably less than 

 the breadth, the average index being 71*1. The glabella and infra- 

 orbital ridges are little developed, except in the oldest males. The 

 malar bones project much forwards, and the space between the orbits 

 is very wide and flat. The nasal bones are extremely small and 

 depressed, and the aperture wide ; the average nasal index being 60 * 8, 

 so they are the most platyrhine of races. 



A\ ith regard to the stature, we have not yet sufficient materials 

 for giving a reliable average. Quatrefages, following Barrow, gives 

 4 feet 6 inches for the men, and 4 feet for the women, and speaks of 

 one individual of the latter sex, who was the mother of several 

 children, measuring only 3 feet 9 inches in height , but later observa- 

 tions (still, however, insufficient in number) give a rather larger 

 stature: thus Topinard places the average at 1-404 metre, or 4 feet 

 74 inches ; and Fritsch, who measured six male Bushmen in South 

 Africa, found their mean height to be 1 * 444 metre, or nearly 4 feet 

 9 inches. It is probable that, taking them all together, they differ 

 but little in size from the Andamanese, although in colour, in form 

 of head, in features, and in the jH'oportions of the body, they are 

 ividely removed from them. 



There is every reason to believe that these Bushmen represent the 



