juneig, i9i6 AleyYodidoe 469 



Bemisia giffardi (Kotinsky) 



Aleyrodes giffardi Kotin., 1907, m Bd. Com. Agr. and Forest. Hawaii Div. Ent. Bui. 2, p. 94. 



This insect is reported present on Citrus trees in several gardens in 

 Honolulu, where it is stated to be so abundant that the foliage of the 

 trees becomes blackened by the sooty fungus growing on the exuded 

 honeydew. Mr. Kotinsky beUeves that the insect has been introduced 

 into Hawaii, and this opinion is strengthened by its discovery in collec- 

 tions of material made by Mr. Woglum at Lahore, India, in 191 1. The 

 host, however, was an unknown tree. 



Dialeurodes citri (Ashmead) ^ 



Aleyrodes citri Riley and Howard, 1893, in Insect Life, v. 5, no. 4, p. 219. 



AleuTodes eugeniae, var. ouran/ji Mask., 1896, in Trans, and Proc. N. Zeal. Inst., v. 28 (n. s. v. 11). 1895, 

 P- 431- 

 Aleyrodes aurantii Ckll., 1903, in Fla. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bui. 67, p. 663. 



This is the destructive Citrus white fly of Florida, where it has been 

 known since about 1880 (PI. LXVI, fig. i). It is rather generally dis- 

 tributed over the orange-growing regions of the Gulf States and is common 

 on chinaberry and Cape jasmine considerably north of the Citrus belt. 

 It is also recorded from Colorado, Illinois, and the District of Columbia, 

 where it is probably confined to conserv^atories. This insect was dis- 

 covered in California in 1907 and serious attempts were made to efifect 

 its eradication. It is still present in one locality (Marysville) , where it 

 is now so widespread and abundant that its eradication is considered to 

 be impracticable (Weldon, 191 5). 



Dialeurodes citri is undoubtedly of oriental origin. It has been re- 

 ceived from numerous localities in India, Ceylon, Japan, China, etc. 

 According to Kirkaldy it is present in Chile, Mexico, and Brazil. In 

 addition to Citrus plants, the insect in Florida infests numerous others 

 as Melia azederach, Gardenia jasminoides, Ligustrum spp., Diospyros kaki, 

 Diospyros virginiana, Syringa sp., Cofjea arahica, Ficus nitida, etc. 

 This and nearly related species are very generally parasitized in the 

 Orient by certain four-winged flies, which are in that region apparently 

 effective checks on their undue increase. 



Dialeurodes citrifolii (Morgan) 



Aleyrodes citrifolHyioTgan, 1893, La. Agr. Exp. Sta. Spec. Bnl., p. 70. 



Aleyrodes nubifera Berger, 1909, Fla. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bui. 97, p. 67. 



Aleyrodes nubiferaMoT. and Back, 1911, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Bui. 92, p. 86. 



This species, long confused with D. citri, may be readily distinguished 

 from that species by the reticulate eggs, character of the tracheal folds 

 of the pupa case, and the smoky patch on front wings of the adults. The 

 insect is known from North CaroUna, Mississippi, Louisiana, California, 



1 This species was first fully described by Riley and Howard in Insect Life, as cited, but had earlier 

 been named and briefly described in The Florida Dispatch, November, 1885. by W. H. Ashmead, who, 

 according to the rules of the International Code, must be known as the author of the species. 



