July 3. 1916 



California Green Lacewing Fly 



523 



takes place. The larval skin when shed by the pupa is circular in form 

 and is pressed firmly against one end of the pupal case, appearing from 

 without and through the wall of the cocoon 

 (fig. 5) as a dark, almost black, disk. 



THE PUPA 



The pupa (fig. 6) is formed within a 

 membranous case or cocoon (fig. 5, 7) 

 which is nearly globular in shape, tough 

 but pliable, and inclosed or surrounded by 

 numerous white filaments which hold it in 

 place on the leaf or in some protecting cav- 

 ity. The cases are often found singly, but 

 when the infestation has been heavy, they may be in groups of a dozen 

 or more. Mr. L. J. Hogg, an assistant, found as many as a dozen or more 

 in a single curled ash leaf, the larvae having fed on the elm-leaf cluster 

 aphis. 



Fig. 7. — Chrysopa californica: Pupa freshly 

 emerged from its cocoon. 



Table V. — Length of the pupal stage of Chrysopa californica at Tempe, Ariz., in IQ15 



Cage No. 



Date of 

 pupation. 



Date adult 

 issued. 



Stage length. 



Average mean 

 temperature. 



78-2 . . 

 78-3- • 

 78-5- • 

 79-I.. 



79-5 • • 

 8o-3 •• 

 80-S. • 

 80-6.. 

 80-7. . 

 80-IO. 

 80-H. 



59- 2 ■ • 



59-3 • • 

 59-4- ■ 

 59-6. . 



59-7 • • 



59-9- ■ 



59-10. 



59-H- 

 59-12. 

 59-13 • 

 59-M- 



Mar. 17. 



..do.... 



..do.... 



..do.... 



..do.... 



..do.... 



Mar. 18. 



Mar. 17. 



..do.... 



..do.... 



..do.... 



Oct. 30. 



Nov. 1. 



..do.... 



Oct. 31. 



..do.... 



..do..., 



..do.... 



..do.... 



..do... 



..do.... 



..do.... 



Apr. 1.. 

 . .do. .. 

 Apr. 2 . . 

 Apr. 4. . 

 Apr. 7.. 

 Apr. 2.. 

 Apr. 5.. 

 Apr. 1.. 

 ..do... 

 Mar. 3 1 . 

 Apr. 3.. 

 Nov. 19 

 Nov. 20 

 Nov. 21 

 Nov. 20 

 ..do... 

 Nov. 21 

 Nov. 19 

 Nov. 22 

 Nov. 19 

 Nov. 22 

 Nov. 20 



Days. 



J 5 

 15 

 16 

 18 

 21 

 16 

 18 

 15 

 15 

 14 

 17 

 19 

 20 

 21 

 20 

 20 

 21 



19 

 22 



19 



63 

 63 

 63 



63 

 63 

 63 

 63 

 63 

 63 

 63 

 63 

 57 

 57 

 57 

 57 

 57 

 57 

 57 

 57 

 57 

 57 

 57 



Average . 



The pupal stage in southern Arizona (see Table V) varied from 14 

 days to 23 days in length, the average being i6}i days for March and 

 2 °tt days for November. 



