r 2 ^ Journal of Agricultural Research vol. vi.no. m 



As has been mentioned, the larva, after constructing the pupal case, 

 which often' requires a day's time, may remain several days before 

 pupating. The pupa when formed is curled up as shown in figure 6, 

 with the abdomen closely folded between the large thick wing pads. 

 When ready to change to an adult, the pupa emerges from the cocoon 

 (see fig. 7) through a circular lid, and in from l / 2 hour to 2 hours the 

 pupal skin is shed and the adult (fig. 1 ) comes forth. After a few minutes 

 have been allowed for the expansion and drying of the wings, the lacewing 

 fly is ready for flight. 



SEASONAL HISTORY AND HIBERNATION 



From the writer's observations during the past year (191 5) in the Salt 

 River Valley of Arizona, there are at least six generations annually. 

 The first covers the period from about February 15 to March 15, and 

 the remaining generations follow one another every 40 to 45 days from 

 then until late October, either the pupa or adults of the last generation 

 going into hibernation at that time. Adults can be taken throughout 

 the winter months, but eggs have never been secured until the advent 

 of milder weather. Pupae are often taken during any of the winter months 

 in the Salt River Valley of Arizona, which has a mild winter climate. 



NATURAE ENEMIES OF THE LACEWING FLY 



It seems that in California (2) the species is commonly attacked by sev- 

 eral species of parasites, but no record of any parasite has been obtained 

 during the present study, although abundant material of this lacewing 

 fly was examined. Robber flies have been noted to catch the adults, 

 and certain Hemiptera prey upon the larvae, but with these exceptions 

 this lacewing fly seems to be quite free and unmolested. 1 



According to the records of the Biological Survey, United States 

 Department of Agriculture, the Western wood pewee (C onto pus rich- 

 ardsonii) feeds upon the species at Pasadena, Cal. ; and at East Bernard, 

 Tex., the nighthawk (Chordeiles virginianus) was found feeding upon 

 the species, the stomachs of two birds containing three and six adults, 

 respectively. 



LITERATURE CITED 



(1) Banks, Nathan. 



1903. A revision of the Nearctic Chrysopidae. In Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, v. 

 29, p. 137-162, pi. 2. 



(2) Branigan, E. J. 



1915. Chrysopa californica. In Mo. Bui. State Com. Hort. [Cal.], v. 4, no. 8, 

 p. 400; no. 10, p. 4S4. 



(3) COQUTLLETT, D. W. 



1890. Lace-winged fly Chrysopa californica, n. sp. In Ann. Rpt. State Bd. 

 Hort. Cal., 1890, p. 2S8, pi. 4. 



1 Possibly this is due to the extremely offensive odor thrown off by the adults of all lacewing flies when 

 alarmed. 



