Oct. 7, 1918 Crosses between Dairy and Beef Breeds of Cattle 



35 



exceptions from Taurus Creamelle Hengerveld, two (Nos. 6 and 20) are 

 from Maple Grove Netta. The pedigree of this animal given above 

 shows that she must be heterozygous for this mark on a single-factor 

 hypothesis. No. 14 by the same bull from Flying Fox's Flora is also an 

 exception. In this case the parent expected to transmit this mark is in 

 the second generation. The same is also true for the case of the two 

 exceptions from Lakeland's Poet, for the parent carrying this mark is 

 also in the second generation. It is interesting in this connection to 

 compare the size, shape, and position of the flank markings of a daughter 

 of Lakeland's Poet with the flank markings of her offspring from a straight 

 F2 generation. It will be noted that they are almost identical. 



The remaining case is that of No. 3 from Johanna Lad Manor De Kol 

 and Flora's Golden Poetess. The solid-color parent. Flora's Golden 

 Poetess, has a white-flanked grandfather (Mabel's Poet) and granddam 

 (Imp. Lady Grandiflora). It is not strange, then, that she should carry 

 white for the flank. 



MARKINGS OF THE TAIL 



Table XVIII. — Behavior of the white markings on the tail in the parental and first filial 



generations 



Sire. 



Description of mating. 



Offspring. 



Taurus Creamelle Henger- 

 veld. 



Do 



Do. 



Kayan. 



Do. 



Do 



Lakeland 's Poet . 



Do 



Minor crosses: 

 Crossbred o. 



Do 



Crossbred 10. 



Lady Primrose's Governor 



of the Fountain. 

 Johanna Lad Manor De Kol . . 

 Columbia's Fox 



Lower half white X comer 



half white. 

 Lower half white X solid 



color. 

 Lower half white X F 1 



lower half white. 

 Solid color X upper half 



white. 

 Solid color X lower half 



white. 

 Solid color X solid color . . , 

 Solid color X lower half 



white. 

 Solid color X solid color . . 



Solid color carrying lower 

 half white X solid color. 



Solid color carrying lower 

 half white X F 1 solid 

 color carrying half white. 



Solid color X lower half 

 white. 



Lower half white X solid 

 color. 



....do 



Solid color X solid color . . . 



2 half white. 



3 lower half white, 9 solid 

 color. 



2 lower half white. 



3 solid color. 

 II solid color. 



8 solid color. 



1 lower half white, i solid 

 color. 



3 solid color. 



2 solid color. 



2 half white -f i solid color. 



I solid color. 



Do. 



Do. 

 Do. 



The markings of the tail may be divided into four general groups : In 

 the first only the switch is white; in the second the hair just above the 

 switch is white ; in the third group about half the tail is white ; and in the 

 fourth group the whole tail is white. Much observation of the switch 

 and tail colors in cattle has led to the view that the color of the hair in 



