Oct. 7,1918 Crosses between Dairy and Beef Breeds of Cattle 41 



chance to carry this white, as his mother, Nora of Monmouth II, had 

 white ankles and a white knee, and his grandfather, Caiest, had four 

 white feet. The case of Flying Fox's Flora is not so clear. The only 

 ancestor in the four generations of her pedigree who carried white feet 

 is Tennessee's Landseer. The chances of her carrying factors for the 

 production of these feet derived from this animal are small, as the 

 animal bearing such marks is in the fourth generation. 



It will be noted that the hind feet have more exceptions than the 

 fore feet. Three of these females exceptional in the left hind foot are 

 also exceptions in the right hind foot. These three exceptions are 

 Lassie of M. F., Eventime 4th, and Hearthbloom. Only one of these 

 animals, Lassie of M. F., is available for study. The chance of her 

 carrying white is rather good, as she has two ancestors in the third 

 generation who could transmit this to her. The other exceptions are 

 Flora's Golden Poetess, with offspring having white on the left hind 

 feet; Columbia's Brown Bessie, and Orono Ellen, with offspring with 

 white on the right hind feet. The chance of Flora's Golden Poetess 

 carrying the white seems good from the above pedigree. Caiest in the 

 third generation and Imp. Lady Grandiflora both carry white. This 

 makes it certain that the mother and the two grandparents on the 

 father's side each has one dose of the factor (Table XXII). The case 

 is even stronger for Columbia's Brown Bessie, as in her ancestry both 

 of her grandmothers have white feet. In fact, the wonder is why she 

 did not transmit more white to her offspring. 



Summary of the Evidence on the Separate Inheritance op White Markings 



A general summary of the behavior of the white markings just studied 

 seems necessary for a clear understanding of the conclusions based on 

 this study and their bearing on the general problem of coat-color inherit- 

 ance. As has been previously pointed out, the limiting of the study to 

 individual spots attacks the problem in an entirely novel way. Such 

 analysis is made necessary because of the peculiar ratios which have 

 been obtained in other studies of coat color, such as those made in the 

 Shorthorns. In the study of the roan coat of this breed about the only 

 thing which the results of Wilson {49-56), Laughlin (19), Wentworth 

 (44,45), Barrington and Pearson (d), and Walther {43) have in common, 

 are exceptions which each found to the interpretations offered by the 

 other writers. A beginning at a solution of these exceptions has been 

 made by the excellent review of the writings of Storer, Wilsdorf, and 

 others on white body color by Lloyd-Jones and Eward {20). In this 

 review they show that two types of identical white body with colored 

 ears exist. In the Chillingham cattle this white is dominant. In the 

 Highland cattle it is recessive. 



This does not quite fit the case of the roan Shorthorn, for, while the 

 presence of these two genetically different whites would complicate the 



