Nov. 25, 1918 Biology of Fruit-Fly Parasites in Hawaii 465 



the canvas. Here the lot held away from the ants was iK times as 

 great as that exposed to the ants. 



The foregoing should represent a very conservative estimate of the 

 destruction of fruit-fly larvae by this ant. It shows consistently that 

 from one-third to four-fifths of the larvae developing in all fruits in the 

 field very probably never mature to adult flies. 



LITERATURE CITED 

 (i) Back, E. A., and Pemberton, C. E. 



1915. PARASITISM AMONG THE LARV^ OP THE MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FtY (c. 



capitata) IN HAWAH DURING 1914. In Rpt. Bd. Comrs. Agr. and 

 For. Hawaii, [1912] /14, p. 153-161. 

 (2) 



1916. PARASITISM AMONG THE LARV^ OP THE MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FI.Y (c. 



capitata) IN HAWAII DURING 1915. Ill Jotif. EcoH. Ent., V. 9, no. 2, 



p. 306-311. 



(3) 



1918. THE MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY IN HAWAH. U. S. Dept. AgT. Bul. 536, 

 119 p., 21 pL, 24 fig. 



(4) Pemberton, C. E., and Willard, H. F. 



1917. NEW PARASITIC CAGES. In Jouf. Econ. Ent., v. 10, no. 0, p. 525-527, 



3 fig-. I Pl- 

 (5) 



1918. FRUIT-FLY PARASITISM IN HAWAII DURING 1916. In Jouf. Agr. Rescafchj 



V. 12, no. 2, p. 103-108. 

 (6) 



19 18. INTERRELATIONS OF FRUIT-FLY PARASITES IN HAWAII. In JoUf. Agr. 



Research, v. 12, no. 5, p. 285-295, 4 pl., 13 fig. 



(7) TiMBERLAKE, P. H. 



I912. EXPERIMENTAL PARASITISM: A STUDY OF THE BIOLOGY OF LIMNERIUM 



VALiDUM (crEsson). U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Bul. Tech. Ser. 19, 

 pt. 5, p. 71-92, fig. 32-41. 



