Temperature and Capillary Moisture in Soils 



143 



40° C. For producing these temperature amplitudes wooden boxes 

 were used which contained melting ice and warm water in separate 

 boxes or compartments the temperatures of which were maintained 

 constant by the addition of ice and hot water, respectively. 



The movement of moisture from warm to cold soil was studied in two 

 different ways: (i) When the column of soil lay horizontally and (2) 

 when it stood vertically. For the first case, the wooden boxes used 

 were 22 inches long, 10 inches wide, and 20 inches deep, having wooden 

 partitions in the center which contained perforations of the size to fit 

 the tubes (fig. i). One compartment contained melting ice and the 

 other water at the required temperature. To prevent any exchange of 

 water between the two compartments, the edges of the partition and the 



Fig. 2. — Apparatus for determining thermal translocation of soil moisture when, the column of soil stood 



vertically. 



holes through which the tubes passed were made water-tight by means 

 of paraffin. 



For the second study, the employment of two boxes was necessary 

 (fig. 2). One box, which contained melting ice, was 24 inches long, 10 

 inches wide, and 13 inches deep. The other box, which contained water 

 at the desired temperature, was 13 inches long, 7 inches wide, and 11 

 inches deep, and was placed inside the first box. The bottom of the 

 small box was supplied with holes the exact size of the tubes, which 

 were then placed in the holes and the crevices surrounding them sealed 

 with melted paraffin to make the small box waterproof. The inner box 

 was then put upon supports in the large box and was filled with water 

 kept at the desired temperature. The outer box was filled with ice up 

 to and touching the bottom of the inner box. All the boxes were well 

 insulated, and since they were big and contained large volumes of water, 

 the temperature could be kept to within small variations for long 



