524 Journal of Agricultural Research voi. v. no. 12 



tinct; the clypeus truncate; the first and second antennal segments subequal, the 

 third segment subequal to one and two together and longer than four; the saw-guides 

 with the dorsal and ventral margins converging and the apex bluntly pointed; the 

 male differs in having the rufous part of the thorax inclined to whitish and extend- 

 ing over the entire pleura;, the venter of tlie abdomen and a broad band on the lateral 

 part of the dorsal aspect, broader behind, sometimes fused on the meson, whitish; 

 the posterior femora not fuscous. Length 3 to 4 mm. ' ' ' 



LIFE HISTORY AND HABITS OF SAWFLY LEAF MINER 



EMERGENCE OF ADULTS 



From puparia obtained on April 18, 191 3, by sifting earth from beneath 

 cherry trees, two male and seven female sawfly leaf miners made their 

 appearance during a period extending from April 28 to May 2. On 

 May 6 six males and six females were obtained in a cherry orchard, and 

 only one of the flies was obtained in cages intended to trap the insects 

 as they emerged from the ground. On May 7 five males and seven 

 females were caught in breeding cages, and at this date the insects were 

 present in large numbers on the trees. The insects continued to appear 

 in the cages, a few each day, until May 19, which for 191 3 was the latest 

 date for the emergence of the flies for that year. Observations for 

 several seasons show that the flies make their appearance when the 

 first leaf clusters are unfolding and the cluster buds are beginning to 

 open. 



EARLY HABITS 



At the time of their emergence from the ground the sawfly leaf miners 

 are fully colored and are very active creatures. They are apparently 

 very susceptible to temperature conditions. If disturbed on cold days, 

 they drop suddenly from the foliage, attempting to fly while in midair. 

 Failing in this effort, they drop to the ground and crawl to some elevated 

 object, on which they renew their attempts to seek flight. 



They copulate within less than a day after their appearance from the 

 soil. In this act the male approaches the female backward, so that the 

 tips of their abdomens come in contact while their heads are opposed to 

 each other. Then the male reaches back with the hind legs and grasps 

 the female over the back of her body, placing at the same time the tip 

 of his abdomen under that of the female and inserting the penis under the 

 flap at the base of the ovipositor. The outer flaps of the male genitalia are 

 pressed closely against the under side of the female's body. The whole 

 process is a matter of one to three minutes. One pair contained in an 

 observation jar copulated three times within a space of half an hour. 



OVIPOSITION 



The females are apparently ready to oviposit soon after they make 

 their escape from the ground. One specimen was dissected about 17 

 hours after its appearance, and in the ovaries and oviducts there were 



1 MacGillivray, A. D. New genera and species of sawflies. In Canad. Ent., v. 46, no. 10, p. 364-363. 

 J914. 



