Nov. I, 1919 



Yellow-Berry in Hard Winter Wheat 



163 



yellow-berry and the date of ripening. This is in harmony with the 

 general assumption that a longer growing and a slower ripening period 

 produces yellow-berry. 



PHYSICAI. CHARACTERS OF YELLOW-BERRY 



Lyon and Keyser (5, p. 32) cite Nowacki to the effect that — 

 the difference between mealy and homy wheat kernels is due to the presence in the 

 former of a larger volume of air spaces than in the latter. He urges that the vacuoles 



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/■/O f/'ZO 2/-30 3/-40 ^/-SO S/-60 6/-70 7/-80 3/-90 S/-/00 



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Fig. j.— Relation between date of harvesting and percentage of yellow-beny. 



that occur in the protoplasm of the cell decrease in size and number as the endosperm 

 develops, and that the more protoplasm, the smaller and fewer the vacuoles. 



Lyon and Keyser (5, p. 34) found that — 



a typical mealy wheat like tlie soft, white Sonora of California contained starchy 

 granules measuring from 0.02817 millimeters in diameter for the larger, to 0.005634 

 millimeters for the smaller. A typical homy Tiu-kish Red kernel contained starch 

 grains var>^ing between the extremes of 0.014085 and 0.002817 millimeters in diameter. 

 A typical yellow-berry Tiu-kish Red kernel showed larger starch granules, 0.017042 

 millimeters for the larger, and 0.003081 millimeters for the smaller sizes. 



Cobb (5, p. 512) found that — 



it is noticeable that when the grain is rich in nitrogenous matter the number of large 

 starch granules is smaller. As we pass in such grains in our examination from the 

 center to the outside, we note a gradual decrease in tlie size of the starch granules, 

 and even at some little distance from the aleiu-on layer the cells are filled with small 

 granules only. 



Lyon and Keyser's examination (5, p. 35) of homy and starchy kernels 

 revealed more numerous and larger vacuoles in the latter, with only an 



