The Dipping of Sheep in so-called Carbolic Dips. 543 



No other deaths occurred, but on our arrival at the farm several 

 sheep Vf'ere in a very liad state, i.e. several of lot (I), I5 of lot (2), none 

 of lot (3), and 3 of lot (4). 



For these sick sheep, brandy and wliite of egg was prescribed, a 

 treatment which proved efficacious. 



The ante-mortem symptoms Avere described as follows : — 



"The animals were noticed to stand panting* a good deal; they 

 were very short of ])reath ; tliey got tired, went down and died. They 

 passed water frequently, and there was a frothy discharge from the 

 nostrils." 



On opening some of tlie sheep tliat had died the following appear- 

 ances were noted : — 



Lungs: Mucli inflamed and congested; tissue appeared to be 



soft. 

 Windpipe : Inflamed, and containing frothy matter right up to 



the nostrils. 

 Gullet: Normal. 

 Throat : Normal. 

 Mouth: Bluish, otherwise normal. 

 First, Second, and Third Stomachs : Normal. 

 Fourth Stomach : Somewhat inflamed. 

 Liver : Normal . 

 Bladder: Very contracted and liard, and containing- a very 



little wliitish coagulated fluid. 

 Intestines : Very much inflamed and containing- whitish mucoid 



substance. 



It will be observed tliat the al)ove symptoms bear a considerable 

 resemblance to those described by Veterinary Surgeon Simson in con- 

 nection with dip " A." 



Analysis of the Water' (grammes per 100,000 c.c). 



Sodium carbonate 1.59 



Calcium and magnesium carbonates 25.50 



Sodium chloride 2.94 



Free carbon-dioxide Nil. 



This water would be described as a moderately hard one. It 

 differs principally from that described above in that it contains less 

 sodium carbonate, more salt, and no free carbon-dioxide. Tlie dip was 

 not analysed; it was obviously a coal-tar dip. 



Experiments with water and " B " showed that on mixing them 

 according to directions it was impossible to obtain a good emulsion. 

 No quantitative measurements of the amount of separated oils were 

 made, as it was not thought necessary. 



Asked by the proprietors of " B," the writer informed them that 

 in his opinion the sheep had been killed by the absorption through the 

 skin of the phenoloid substances of the dip, and that the mortality 

 was almost entirely confined to the first lot of sheep suggested these 

 had removed the separated oily globules in their fleeces, leaving the 

 dip in a less dangerous condition for those that subsequently passed 

 through it. 



