Jan. 14. 1918 Fruit-Fly Parasitism in Hawaii during 19 16 



105 



Table I. — Extent of infestation of host fruits by larvcB of Ceratitis capatata in Hawaii 



during igi6 



Host fruit. 



Number of 

 fruits col- 

 lected. 



Number of 



larvsE of C. 



capitala 



emerging. 



Average 



number of 



larvpp per 



•fruit. 



Kamani ( Terminalia catappa) 



Mango (Mangifera indica) 



Coffee {Coffea arabica) 



Strawberry guava {Psidium cattleianum) 

 Black myrobalan {Terminalia chebula). . 



Peach (Prunus persica) 



Rose-apple (Eugenia jambos) 



Chrysophyllum monopyrenum 



Brazilian plum (Eugenia braziliensis) . .. 



French cherry (Eugenia uniflora) 



Mimusops elengi 



Ochrosia elliptica 



Kamani (Calophyllum inophyllum) 



BestiU (Thevetia neriifolia) 



Averrhoa carambola 



Chinese orange (Citrus japvnica) 



Noronhia emarginata 



Guava (Psidiu^n guajava) 



15.723 

 1.317 



41, 605 



13.825 

 6,615 

 669 

 1,258 

 1.956 

 4,398 

 7, 627 



11,883 



77 

 218 



1.532 

 159 

 1.588 

 5.296 

 I. 791 



149.415 



2,291 



21, 224 



22, 017 



46, 639 



13, 738 

 7,001 



4.034 



3,808 



6, 617 



63,017 



240 



737 



5,540 



214 



4, 843 



9.032 



12, 248 



Table I shows few fruits that have a yearly average infestation of less 

 than two larvae per fruit. Considering the large quantity of fruits col- 

 lected during the year, from which the records have been made, an aver- 

 age of two larvae per fruit is high. It means that great numbers of fruits 

 from all localities are nearly always heavily infested. The fruits col- 

 lected for such a record are not selected with the purpose of obtaining only 

 heavily infested fruits or only sound fruits. All available fruits that have 

 matured are gathered and brought in whether infested or not. In this 

 manner the exact average condition of fruit-fly abundance, injury, and 

 parasitism is obtained. 



To refer again to the tables particular attention should be called to the 

 mango (Mangifera indica), guava (Psidium gtiajava), Mimusops elengi, 

 Noronhia emarginata, and the Chinese orange (Citrus japonica). Great 

 numbers of fruit-fly larvae develop in these fruits and are but slightly 

 parasitized, as shown in the total column for these fruits in Table 11. 

 Certain characters of these fruits prevent the parasites from reaching the 

 larvae within. This in part accounts for the constant presence of this 

 pest, in spite of the establishment of parasites well adapted to the condi- 

 tions of the country and of great prolificness. 



