402 Journal of Agricultural Research voi.xu, No. 7 



more than were recovered in the feces saved after treatment. A few 

 whipworms (Trichuris suis) and nodular worms (Oesophagostomum den- 

 iatum) were passed ; a few of the former were found in one of the pigs 

 post-mortem, not looked for in the other, and about 250 and 500 nodu- 

 lar worms were found, respectively, in the two pigs post-mortem. 



This experiment demonstrated that tartar emetic has an anthelmintic 

 action on worms in swine, but further trials will be necessary before con- 

 clusions can be drawn as to its efficacy. The method of administration 

 used in the experiments is not likely to prove suitable in practice. 



CHIvOROFORM 



Chloroform has been more or less used for some time, either alone or 

 in combination with other substances, as an anthelmintic. Recently 

 Alessandrini {191 5) has commended it very highly for use against hook- 

 worms and other worms. He states that it has these advantages : Com- 

 bined with castor oil it requires no special preparation of the patient; it 

 can be administered in a single dose; it does not cause local or general 

 disturbances either immediately or subsequently; it is perfectly well tol- 

 erated and is not nauseous. It may be given in 3- to 4-gm. doses dis- 

 solved in olive oil or castor oil and is thoroughly efficacious against hook- 

 worms, whipworms, pinworms, and ascarids. Chloroform is a constitu- 

 ent of Hermann's mixtures, the formula of one of which is given on page 

 403. Schultz {1911) finds the chloroform to be the active anthel- 

 mintic ingredient of Hermann's white mixture. He found chloroform 

 very effective against hookworms in the dog and says of it : 



It has proven rapid in its action and thus far not followed by any evil after effects. 

 Should the chloroform -castor oil mixture act as favorably in human beings as it has 

 for me in dogs, it will prove a universal worm remedy of great importance. 



In view of the irremediable damage resulting from overdoses of chloro- 

 form, Schultz is inclined, however, to favor the use of the less effective 

 drug thymol. Billings and Hickey (1916) use a chloroform-castor-oil 

 mixture following the use of chenopodium in the treatment of hookworm 

 and other roundworm parasites of aliens detained at the immigrant sta- 

 tion at Angel Island, California. For an adult they administer 20 mils 

 of a mixture of chloroform and castor oil containing i .8 mils of chloroform. 

 The dose is graduated according to the apparent age. 



The writers' experiments with chloroform as a drug for expelling hook- 

 worms from dogs inclined them to the belief that it was extremely 

 satisfactory compared with thymol, and on the suggestion of Dr. Charles 

 Wardell Stiles, of the United States Public Health Service, a note was 

 sent to Dr. Reid Hunt, of Harvard University, asking his opinion as to 

 the danger of the administration of chloroform. In his reply he states: 



It has been shown .... that even one administration of chloroform causes distinct 

 changes in the liver, from which, however, animals almost always completely recover. 

 I presume that a single dose is efficient and ordinarily harmless ; but I think that if the 



