Feb. i8. 1918 Efficacy of Some Anthelmintics 409 



sulphate dissolved in 10, 20, 30, and 40 mils, respectively, of water, and 2K 

 hours later they were given 14.79 to 29.57 mils of castor oil each. There 

 was prompt emesis in a few minutes after the administration of the cop- 

 per sulphate. Fecal examinations for the following four days showed only 

 I worm, a whipworm. Because of the evident defects of the treatment, 

 the dogs were not killed and examined. It is obvious that the emetic 

 action of copper sulphate precludes the use of this substance as an an- 

 thelmintic for dogs. 



GASOUNE 



For worms in sheep. — Gasoline has been extensively used as a treat- 

 ment for stomach worms, but some authorities consider that there are 

 dangers attending its use. Stiles (1901) says of it: 



Gasoline has recently gained considerable reputation as a vermifuge. I have used 

 it in a number of cases and have found the claims made for it to be more or less justi- 

 fied. Three objections, however, arise to its use, and I can not, therefore, consider 

 it an ideal treatment. These objections are: 



(i) Not less than three doses, and usually four to six, are required to expel the 

 worms.. Its use involves a great expenditure of labor, and it is, therefore, imprac- 

 ticable on the large ranches. 



(2) While several doses are not necessarily injurious to the stock, still, if the doses 

 are large, repeated drenches cause a more or less severe congestion of the bowels. 

 Not only that, but repeated handling of range sheep, with the necessary preliminary 

 treatment of withholding food, is injurious to the animals. 



(3) If used on animals suffering from plevirisy, it is likely to be fatal. I have had 

 several fatal cases of this kind. 



Luckey {191 5) says: 



Gasoline for acute cases is a specific. One dose is enough. * * * The average 

 man can not give gasoline without killing the animal. One can not give a sheep 

 with a little bit of pneumonia gasoline without killing it. 



Arbuckle {1916) says of himself and Joe Wing: 



We were the first men in the country to employ the gasoline treatment success- 

 fully. Wing had heard of it as a remedy used in France. We were also among the 

 first to discover that this was not a practicable treatment. 



Gasoline is usually given in milk, linseed oil, or flaxseed tea, which 

 makes the treatment considerably more expensive, and, as these feeds 

 are not always available in large quantity, the treatment is not well 

 adapted to the needs of large flocks. 



Stiles {1901), Ransom {1907), and others have recommended }{ ounce 

 (7.39 mils) of gasoline as the dose for lambs and }4 ounce (14.79 mils) as 

 the dose for sheep. Coffey {191 5) recommends larger doses; lambs at 

 weaning to get X ounce, X ounce, and ^ ounce, respectively, on each of 

 three successive days; sheep to receive >^ ounce, K ounce, and i ounce, 

 respectively, on each of three successive days, these doses to be given 

 thoroughly emulsified in 5 ounces (147.87 mils) of milk linseed oil, or flax- 

 seed tea. 



