Feb. i8, i9i8 Efficacy of Some Anthelmintics 413 



remedy for stomach worms, it was far superior to anything else tried as a 

 remedy for hookworms {B. irigonocephalum) and is worthy of further 

 experimentation to test its efficacy on more heavily infested animals. 

 For the treatment of stomach worms copper sulphate must still be con- 

 sidered superior, not only because it is somewhat more efficacious but on 

 account of its lesser cost and the fact that only one dose of copper sulphate 

 is required, whereas three doses of petroleum benzin are advisable. 



PHENOLS 



The phenols a re a group of organic compounds composed of hydroxy 

 derivatives of the benzene series, the hydroxyl radical being linked 

 directly to the nucleus. The refined phenols include phenol (CgHgOH), 

 commonly called carbolic acid; cresol (CgH^CHgOH), commonly called 

 cresylic acid or kresol; and the higher phenols. The term "crude 

 phenols" is used in general to designate those unrefined mixtures of the 

 phenols proper with certain hydrocarbon oils and other impurities with 

 which they become associated in the course of their preparation, whether 

 from coal-tar, wood-tar, or blast-furnace gases. There are on the market 

 numbers of trade preparations in the form of soaps, powders, ointments, 

 or liquids which contain refined or crude phenols as essential constituents. 

 A number of these liquid phenol preparations have been used and recom- 

 mended as anthelmintics. Some of these liquids are insoluble in water, 

 in which case they may or may not be capable of being emulsified, and 

 others are soluble in water. 



For worms in sheep. — Three preparations were tested, which may 

 be referred to as A, B, and C. A and C are advertised as remedies for 

 stomach worms, while B, though not advertised on the container for the 

 treatment of stomach worms {Haemonchus contorius), has since been 

 recommended by the New Zealand Department of Agriculture for that 

 purpose. Two sheep were treated with A and one sheep each with B 

 and C. One of the sheep treated with A passed four nodular worms 

 (Pesophagostomum columhianum) . This sheep and the one treated with 

 B died the day after treatment. The other sheep passed no worms. 



Of the two sheep receiving A, the one which died had 422 stomach 

 worms (Haemonchntortus) us coand numerous intestinal nematodes. The 

 other sheep killed four days after drenching had no stomach worms post- 

 mortem and few intestinal nematodes. As this sheep was evidently unin- 

 fested with stomach w;orms (H. contorius), it must be left out of consider- 

 ation. The sheep treated with C passed no worms and had 8 stomach 

 worms (//. contortus) post-mortem. 



A second trial was made of A on two sheep, the dose given being the 

 same as in the previous experiment — i tablespoonful of the product (14.8 

 mils) to I pint (473 mils) of milk, as advertised on the label. The sheep 

 passed no worms, and at post-mortem examination were found lightly 

 infested with stomach worms and intestinal nematodes. 

 27810°— 18 2 



