Feb. i8, 1918 Efficacy of Some Anthelmintics 437 



experiments the pigs were not killed and the results were based solely 

 on the fecal examinations, it was decided to repeat the experiment, 

 killing the pigs and counting the worms and thus determining definitely 

 whether this method could be recommended. 



A sow which had been starved for 24 hours was fed a mash of corn 

 meal and bran into which had been stirred an emulsion consisting of 

 3.5 mils of oil of chenopodium, 60 mils of castor oil, and 473 mils (i pint) 

 of milk. Following the treatment the sow passed 19 stomach worms 

 {Arduenna strongylina) and 13 nodular worms (Oesophagostomwm den- 

 tatum). A post-mortem examination revealed the presence of 19 ascarids 

 (Ascaris suum), 13 stomach worms (A. strongylina), and numerous 

 nodular worms (O. dentatum). The treatment proved a complete failure 

 in eliminating ascarids, thus confirming the opinion already expressed 

 regarding the inefficacy of chenopodium when given mixed with the feed. 

 The treatment removed over half the stomach worms present and 

 demonstrates the possibilities of the drug for this species of parasite. 

 Although it also had some efficacy against nodular worms, as usual the 

 percentage removed was very small. 



In cooperation with Dr. Ernest, of the Tuberculosis Eradication 

 Division, of the Bureau of Animal Industry, the junior writer was recently 

 enabled to make a practical test of the chenopodium treatment of swine 

 on a large scale. The test was carried out at the Green Berry Point Farm 

 of the United States Naval Academy, where about 176 swine ranging 

 from young pigs weighing 15.88 kgm. or less to large boars and brood 

 sows, were given the treatment. 



The pigs were starved for 24 hours before treatment and confined in 

 relatively small pens so that they could be easily caught. The brood 

 sows and boars were kept separate. The pigs were caught in the small 

 pen and lifted one at a time over the fence into a larger inclosure, where 

 they were treated. Four laborers were employed in this work, two 

 capturing the pigs and two holding the animals while they were dosed. 

 Restraint was made fairly easy by backing the pig into a comer of the 

 inclosure. While one attendant held the pig in this position the other 

 kept the animal's jaws apart, using two loops made of harness straps; 

 one loop, passing under the upper jaw, was pulled upward while the other 

 loop, passing over the under jaw, was pulled downward. The head was 

 kept tilted upward and the pressure on the straps, besides keeping the 

 mouth wide open, served to hold down the tongue and prevent the hog 

 from shaking its head. 



A table to hold the bottles of chenopodium and castor oil and the 

 measuring glasses was placed conveniently near. Four mils of oil of cheno- 

 podium and I ounce (29.57 mils) of castor oil was allowed each hog under 

 100 pounds (45.36 kgm.), while those over that weight were given double 

 the dose. No attempt was made to weigh the animals, but the dose for 

 each hog was decided upon as it was brought up for treatment. The 



