250 



EVOLUTION OF BIRD- SONG 



Eagle owl (S. Af.), i88 

 Emberizidas, 120 



Environment, effects of, 177, 199, 

 227 



Family cries, 90 



Fear, influence of, 45, 76 



Females singing, 56 



Ferruginous thrush (Am.), 11 1 



Fieldfare, 96 



Field-sparrow (Am.), 186 



Finches and buntings, 122 



First cries, 7 



Fog, effect of, 64, 107 



Fowl, 86, 89, 134 



Frogs, 19 



Frost, effect of, 194 



Gallinaceous birds, 35 

 Garden warbler, 109 

 General and special types, 92 

 Golden-crested wren, 50, 67, 222 

 Golden plover, 87, 89 

 Goldfinch, 125, 126, 128, 151, 171 

 Goldfinch (Am.), 83, 132 

 Goose, 86 

 Grasshopper-warbler, 55, 56, 60, 



68, 186 

 Greater nightingale, 104 

 Great tit, 55, 92 

 Green bulbul (India), 175 

 Greenfinch, 36, 50, 68, 80, 125-128, 



169, 173 

 Green woodpecker, 67 

 Grunts (first cries), 14, 15 



Hawfinch, 172 



Hedge-sparrow, 50, 73, 147 



Heredity, 86-139 

 and imitation, 90 

 in Anatidas, 138 

 in blackbird and robin, 97 

 in blackbird and thrush, no 

 in blackcap and garden-warbler, 



109 

 in buntings and finches, 123 

 in buntings and pipits, 120 

 in chaffinch and brambling, 131 



Heredity, in chaffinch and house- 

 sparrow, 129 



in chick, 86 



in Corvidas, 93 



in Corvidae and Turdidse, 95 



in cuckoos, 134 



in finches, 125 



influence of, 86 



in greenfinch and brambling, 126 



in greenfinch and canary, 125 



in lapwing, 88 



in larks and pipits, 118, 119 



in mistle- thrush and American 

 robin, 107, 108 



in mistle-thrush and ouzel, 108 



in mistle-thrush and redwing, 138 



in nightingale and lesser white- 

 throat, 107 



in nightingale and sedge-warbler, 

 107 



in partridge, pheasant, and fowl, 



134 



in pheasant, etc., 89 



in pigeons and doves, 134 



in pipits, 102 



in raptorial birds, 134 



in redstart and flycatcher, 99, 104 



in redstart and nightingale, 105 



in redstart and robin, 97, 98 



in redstart and warblers, 99, 104 



in redstart and whitethroat, 105 



in rhea, 88 



in robin and blackbird, 104 



in robin and hedge-sparrow, 114 



in robin and nightingale, 104 



in sparrows, notes of, 129-131 



in thrushes and warblers, 95, 



100-104, 117 

 in tinamu, 88 

 in Turdidse, 95 



in wagtails and pipits, 117, 118 

 in warblers compared, 113 

 in willow-warbler and yellow-bird 



(Am), 106 

 in woodpeckers, 134, 143 



Hissing, 15-17 



Homing pigeon, 66 



Hooded crow, 93, 146 



House-sparrow, 61, 153, 154, 160, 

 169 



