252 



EVOLUTION OF BIRD- SONG 



Nestling, education of, 171 

 Newts, 17 



Newts and snakes, 18 

 Nightingale, i, 52, 55, 62, 67, 109, 



144, 166, 218 

 Nightjar, 68, 186 

 Northern diver, 63 

 Noticeable incidents of song, 57 

 Nutcracker, 94, 164 

 Nuthatch, long note of, 54 



Olivaceous thrush (S. Af. ), 96 



Ortolan bunting, 121 



Osprey, 63 



Ostrich, 188 



Oven bird (S. Am.), 60, 61, 89 



Partridge, 86, 89, 134 

 Peregrine falcon, 17 

 Perpetuation of cries, 47 

 Persistence of cries, 135 

 Pheasant, 86, 89, 134 

 Phrase, defined, 10 

 Picus pileatus (Am. ), 63 

 Pied wagtail, 51 

 Pine finch (Am.), 132 

 Pine grosbeak, 50 

 Pinnated grouse (Am.), 37 

 Pipits, 117, 118, 120 

 Poetical writers, 9 

 Polygamous species, 35 



Raptores, 46 

 Rasorial birds, 79 

 Recording, method of, 4 

 Red-headed woodpecker (Am.), 187 

 Redpoll, 68 



Redstart, 56, 82, 97, 105, 192, 218 

 Redwing, 94 



Red-winged starling (Am. ), 83 

 Reed-bunting song, 122, 123, 223 

 Reed-warbler, 68, 221 

 Repetition of intervals, 57 

 Rice-bunting (Am.), 123 

 Rice troupial (Am.), 83 

 Ringed plover, 50 

 Ring ouzel, 96 



Robin, 34, 51, 61, 63, 65, 77, 97, 

 103, 152, 166, 195, 206-208 



Rook, 49, 93, 146 

 Rupicola (S. Am.), 67 



Scarlet bullfinch, 191 

 Sedge-warbler, 68, 80, 197, 214- 



217 

 Shrikes, 27, 173, 174, igi 

 Shrike thrush (Austraha), iii 

 Siskin, 68 

 Skylark, 34, 52, 54, 56, 61, 82, 



120, 196, 208-211 

 Snake, 189 



Snow-bunting, 37, 120, 122 

 Song, accent in, 73, 238 

 Song apparatus in crows, etc., 70, 



72 

 Song-birds and sober hues, 73 

 Song, by adults, 61 



by males, 59 



effect of fog, 64 



flight in, 80 



in chorus, 83 



increased vehemence, 67 



in rain, 63 



laborious birds and, 79 



leisure for, 75 



morning and evening, 61 



only in small birds, 68 



varied at end, 68 



ventriloquism, 82 

 Songs, rise in pitch, 67 



the simplest, 49 

 Squirrel, 189 

 Starling, 53, 56, 67, tj, 83, 94, 



152, 196, 211-214 

 Stock-dove, 51, 53, 68 

 Stonechat, 55, 224 

 Strain, defined, 11 

 Swallow, 29, 55 

 Swallow's alarm, 29 

 Swan, 89, 155 

 Swift, 83, 182, 183 

 Surroundings, pleasure in, 65 



Thrush, 2, 61, 65, 73, 95, 96, 



no, 194, 200-206 

 Thrushes and warblers, 95, 117 

 Tinamu, 54, 88, 89 

 Titmice, 55, 134 

 Towhe bunting (Am.), 122 



