Hico. they have attained great prominence as pests of eane in the 

 islands of Manritius and Java, and on the continent of Australia. 



White-grubs of the genus PliijUophaga are l)est known as pests 

 to crops in the United States, being widely distributed and having 

 a great many species. As many as forty-two species have been re- 

 corded from the single State of Illinois, most of them injurious (8). 

 Damage of the grubs to grass lands, lawns, corn, potatoes, and other 

 crops is often very extensive (4), and the adults have been known 

 to defoliate the timber over whole counties (5, p. 270). 



A beetle known as Ligifriis nigiceps is a bad pest of cane in 

 Louisiana, having the habit of boring into the stalks at the surface 

 of the ground. In irrigated sections of the Southwest the large 

 green "June bug,'" AUorhina mutahilis, whose larva is a white-grub, 

 does very great damage to fruit. 



In Europe members of the genus Meloloiitha, which is closely re- 

 lated to PInjUophaga, have been known for over a century as pests, 

 the grubs of one species {MelolonHia melolontha) frecjuently causing 

 so much damage to cultivated crops as to necessitate the gathering 

 of the grubs from the fields by hand. In Russia great damage is 

 caused by both grub and adult of a beetle known as Anisoplia (nis- 

 triaca (13). 



In Australia several white-grubs of the same tribe (known as 

 MeloJonthini), notably of the genus Lepidiota, are the cause of 

 great injury to cane. As much as a shilling a pint has been paid 

 for the grubs from cane fields by the sugar centrals of Queensland. 

 The principal pest is known as Lepidiota alhohirta (11). 



Five species of white-grub, representing five different genera, are 

 injurious to sugar cane in Java; namely, HolMrichia helleri, Adoretes 

 compre sails, Apog.onia destructor, LeucophoUs rorida, and Lepidiota 

 stigma (10; 14). Trap lights for the adults are used at night. 



Various species of the genera Avonialo and Adoreles are destruc- 

 tive in the Hawaiian Islands, in Japan, and in British East Africa. 



In the cane-growing sections of India the roots of the plant are 

 subject to attack by white-grubs that are the larva^ of a beetle known 

 as Serica assamensis. Other species of white-grubs have also been 

 reported as injurious in India. 



Among i.sland i)ossessions, next to Porto Rico, pei-haps tlie most 

 acute iiijm-y to cane by white-grubs has been conunitted by a species 

 known as PInjtolus smithi in the islands of Barbados and Mauritius. 

 The adult of this beetle differs but slightly from species of the genus 

 Phyllophaga. Tiic species is becoming particularly bad in Mauritius, 

 because of its having been introduced there h-oni Barbados without 



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