( 149 ) 

 THE EED-TAILED OUSEL. 



TUBDUS NAUMANNI, TEMM. 



Description. — Length nine and one 

 half inches. Bill brown, pale at the 

 base of the upper mandible. Tarsus, 

 feet, and claws, brown. Iris dark 

 brown. 



Head and neck brown, with 

 a white eyebrow. Upper parts warm 

 brown, feathers bordered with ashy. 

 Throat and breast rusty red, the 

 centers of the feathers sometimes 

 black, forming spots, and each feather 

 bordered with white. Abdomen most- 

 ly white. Flanks and under tail coverts 

 rusty red. Wings brown, feathers 

 edged with pale yellow. Outer tail 

 feathers rusty red, the central ones 

 shaded more or less with dark brown. 



The intensity of the colors, and the 

 number of spots on the throat and 

 breast, are subject to considerable 

 rariation, but the brownish red breast, 

 and rusty red tail serve as marks for 

 identification. 



Distribution — Eastern Asia, oc- 

 casionally reaching Europe. Breeds 

 in Siberia and Manchuria, and winters 

 in the Yangtse Valley. 



Notes. — These birds gather in small 

 flocks to feed in cultivated ground. 

 They are especially fond of the mul- 

 berry groves in winter, where they 

 may be frequently found, either singly 

 or in small groups. 



This bird often approaches very close 

 to the Dusky Ousel (Turdus eunomus) 

 but never intergrades with it. 



