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broad black streaks. Two white wing 

 bars. Lower parts ashy white. Sexes 

 are alike. 



Distribution. — China generally. 

 Common resident in the Yangtse Valley, 

 where it takes the place of the "English 

 Sparrow" (Passer domesticus) of the 

 United States or the House Sparrow of 

 England and Europe. In Europe, the 

 Tree Sparrow is a mountain bird, but in 

 the Orient it lives also in the plains, 

 seeming to show a special preference 

 for houses built in western style. 



Nest and Eggs. — The nest is simply 

 a mass of grass and rubbish suited in 

 shape and size to the cavity it 

 occupies. They are too common about 

 our houses to need description. The 

 number, color, and markings of the 

 eggs vary considerably, even in the 

 same clutch.. Generally they are 

 white, or greenish white, with spots 

 and blotches of browns, purples, and 

 greens, of various shades. Several 

 broods are raised in a season. 



THE BUDDY SPARROW. 



PASSER RUTILANS (tEMM.) 

 Description. — Length five inches. 

 Bill black in summer, brown in winter. 

 Tarsus reddish gray. Iris chestnut 

 brown. 



Crown of head uniform chestnut. 

 Upper parts deep chestnut with a few 

 black spots. Cheeks, crown, and sides 

 of neck white. Throat black. Under 

 parts pale ashy brown, whiter on the 

 abdomen. Wing coverts are chestnut, 

 black and white. Tail blackish brown, 

 edged with ashy brown. 



Distribution. — South and central 

 China, and Japan. Common resident on 

 the higher hills of the Yangtse Valley. 



