164 FRTNGILLID^. 



has been observed near Uleaborg and may perhaps breed 

 there. In autumn however it is found abundantly through- 

 out the middle and southern parts of all these countries as 

 well as in Denmark, and occasionally winters there if the 

 weather be not too severe. Further eastward its boundaries 

 at no season of the year can be confidently laid down. It 

 may be presumed to breed in some parts of Russia since it 

 has been several times obtained near Archangel and it 

 occurs, though rarely, in winter in the southern Governments. 

 There is no authority for its appearance in Siberia, but 

 Messrs. Dickson and Ross include it as observed in flocks in 

 autumn at Erzeroom, and Dr. Severzov gives it as being 

 found in winter in Turkestan, but in both cases the nearly- 

 allied Linota brcvirostris has most likely been mistaken for 

 it. Except as above stated it nowhere breeds in Europe. 

 On the southern shores of the Baltic it arrives abundantly 

 in autumn and, if the season be mild, will winter in North 

 Germany, but if otherwise it passes further on, sometimes 

 appearing in Galizia, Bohemia, Austria, Switzerland and 

 Upper Italy. It comes to Holland and Belgium every 

 autumn in numerous bands, which pass on to Picardy and 

 Normandy : some stray even further south, but the bird is 

 rarer about Paris, and only occasionally reaches Provence and 

 Savoy. It has not been heard of in Portugal, but has been 

 obtained in the south of Spain — Murcia and Andalusia. 



The bill in summer is of a pale yellowish flesh-colour : 

 the irides hazel : the lores dusky ; the feathers immediately 

 above the bill, and above and below the lores and eyes, are 

 light reddish-ochreous ; the rest of the head, ear-coverts, and 

 upper parts generally, including the upper tail-coverts but 

 excepting the rump, dark brown, edged with light ochreous ; 

 the tertials and wing-coverts are likewise tipped with the 

 same, and the latter thus exhibit two bars across the wing ; 

 primaries and secondaries very dark brown, five of the 

 former having the outer web narrowly edged with white ; the 

 rump rich purplish-red, in some examples almost scarlet ; 

 the tail dark brown, the four middle aud the outer pairs 

 being narrowly edged on the outer web with greyish-buff, 



