crow. 281 



more seldom to Sweden — in both kingdoms having only 

 appeared in the south, while its occurrence in Finland is 

 extremely dubious. On the other hand the Grey Crow is 

 abundant in nearly every part of all three countries, and 

 throughout the Eussian dominions eastward to about the 

 distance of two hundred versts from Krasnoiarsk. But the 

 Black Crow also appears in certain districts of European 

 Kussia, extending from Archangel to the Black Sea, though 

 not further in Western Siberia, according to Dr. Kadde, 

 than the eastern slopes of the Ural, until some two hundred 

 versts beyond Tomsk, where curiously enough it reappears, 

 at first in small numbers compared with the Grey Crow, 

 but that decreases until, at about the same distance from the 

 Jennisei, the Black Crow alone is found. The intermediate 

 space, says Mr. Seebohm (Ibis, 1878, pp. 328, 329), is held 

 in common by both forms in about equal proportions, but the 

 number of mongrels between them is computed to be double 

 that of either pure Black or pure Grey birds. Northwards 

 the range of each form is about conterminous with the 

 growth of the forests. Eastwards the Black Crow seems to 

 dwell in the land continuously to the sea of Ochotsk and 

 southwards in Mongolia. It also inhabits Japan. In 

 Turkestan and thence to the Caucasus both forms appear, 

 but then again C. corone has alone been found in Cashmere, 

 while from Afghanistan to Asia Minor C. comix seems only 

 to occur. The latter also inhabits Syria and the south of 

 Palestine, though it seems to be local in its distribution, but 

 it is a well-known bird of Egypt and even appears in Nubia. 

 In Algeria Loche says that the Black Crow commonly 

 frequents the woodlands, while the Grey only appears occa- 

 sionally, but he has possibly mistaken the small Raven 

 (C. tingitanus) for the first, which is nevertheless recorded 

 from Eastern Morocco, Madeira and the Cape Verd Islands. 

 Major von Homeyer found its nest in Majorca (Journ. f. Orn. 

 1862, p. 252) and it is resident in Spain, breeding, though 

 rarely, near Gibraltar ; but the Grey Crow is of still rarer 

 occurrence in the south of that country if indeed it appears 

 there at all. In the south of France this last is also rare, 



