Journal of Agriculture. [8 Jan., 1907.. 



4. Pressure gauge. The gauge should show zero when no steam, and 

 should read the blow-off pressure when valve works. If it does not, have 

 it examined. 



5. Fusible plugs. Keep clean both furnace and water sides. Change 

 them every twelve months. 



6. Short water. If the water has only just gone out of the glass the 

 fires should be drawn at once, and the safety valve eased. Open furnace 

 doors. It is better not to turn on feed, interfere with engine, or lift safety 

 valve until the fire is drawn and the boiler cooled. Then open manhole 

 d(X>r and thoroughly examine. 



II. 



7. Never allow leaks to continue. Have them repaired. 



8. Do not empty boiler under pressure. Let it cool down : open blow- 

 off cock. 



9. Do not put cold water in or on a hot boiler. 



10. Do not allow any dampness in settings or in fire-box. 



11. Get up steam slowly. Fire regularly. Use air-holes in door for 

 a few minutes when firing up. Keep a good bed of coals on the bars, and 

 stir up the fire occasionallv. Feed at the front, and work towards the 

 back. Black spaces in the fire show entrance of cold air. 



12. When laying up for some time, empty right out, and get dry by 

 keeping cocks and holes open to insure a draught, or fill right up, putting 

 in a few handfuls of washing soda. Give outside exposed surfaces a coat 

 of raw oil. 



13. Keep all brasses bright. Do not allow anv accumulations of 

 ashes, and have no moisture about. 



III. 



14. Clean out boiler at frequent intervals. The length depends upon 

 the water and the type of boiler. Open hand-holes, and examine 

 inside until necessary period is ascertained. Neither scale inside or soot 

 outside should ever exceed i-i6th inch in thickness. Brush out tubes, and 

 clean out smoke-box regularly. 



15. If boiler primes, shut off steam for a while. If dirtv water, blow 

 off a few inches, and pump up again. 



16. vSee that no air gets in except through the fire. 



17. Blow off every morning when not using steam. Open scum cock 

 two or three times a day while engine is running. See that water is at 

 right level when using scum cocks. 



18. Do not use anti-incrustation compounds without due inquiry. If 

 used, put in feed water in small quantities. 



Oil Engines. 



The term oil engine is applied here to engines using heavy oils ; that is, 

 in general, kerosene or other oils of .8 or over specific gravitv, and with 

 flash points of 100 degrees to 300 degrees. The lighter oils — naphtha, 

 gasoline, &c. — are used in the " motor " types of engine, which are, as 

 yet, not much used bv farmers. 



The first essential to the economic working of an oil engine is the 

 understanding of the principles on which it works, and of the conditions 

 necessary to insure complete explosion and combustion in the cvlinder. The 

 principles vary with the different makes, but the conditions are practically 

 the same for all. The kerosene oil is first vaporized into a hydrocarbon 



