8 Jan., 1907.] 



Diseases of Farm Animals. 



57 



be adapted for the use of different kinds of animals and different opera- 

 tions. A trevis is merely a crush provided with back and belly straps, 

 breast straps, and breeching, and with rings and rope holes for the more 

 effective securing of the animal in suitable positions for operation. 



At times it is necessary to improvise a method of fixing animals for 



operations when no crush is available, and when, for various reasons, it is 



considered inad\isable to throw the animal. One of the handiest and best 



■means is to rope the animal to a stout post-and-rail fence in the manner 



advised in connexion with operations for fistulous withers. 



Operating Tables. — Very effective operating tables have been designed 

 for larger animals, but their great cost is a bar to their general use. In 

 most of these, the top of the table is made to swing over into the vertical 

 position, and the horse is ranged up alongside and strapped to it. The 

 table is then returned to the horizontal position, and the animal fixed in 

 any position that is desired by means of straps and other ingeniously 

 arranged fittings. An equine operating table of the most approved pattern 

 (Dollar's combined) is in regular use at the Veterinary Hospital estalDlished 

 by Mr. E. F. J. Bordeaux, G.M.V.C., Moonee Ponds, Victoria, who 

 speaks highly of its effectiveness and suitability. 



Fi". I. — Side lines and breast collar in position 



Throwing Horses. — The "side-line" method of throwing horses is de- 

 scribed in connexion with " Castration." Various other methods of throw- 

 ing are adopted in Australia, but they are likely to be so well known to most 

 readers, that it is not intended to occupy space with descriptions of them. 

 It will be appropriate, however, to say that many of the acciclents which 

 constantly occur nowadays might be avoided if more gentle handling was 

 practised during the " roping down " of horses, and if a soft throwing 

 bed was provided. Especial care should be taken with very old horses 

 whose bones are fragile, and with young horses suffering from nasal disease 

 or other general bone complaint. In such cases, there is less risk if 

 throwing hobbles are used ; indeed, veterinary surgeons always prefer to 

 use the patent hobbles when throwing for operations, because not only is 

 the fall effected less heavily, but there is always the great advantage that 

 any limb that is required can be set free and fixed in any desired position, 



