S July, 1907.] T/ie Orchard. 427 



THE ORCHARD. 



James Lang, Harcourt. 



Pruning will require to be pushed on Avith all speed during the month. 

 In pruning young trees, regard should always be given to shape. Three 

 bra;nches are enough to start with ; these will form the foundation, and 

 subsequent branches should radiate as nearly as possible at equal distances 

 apart, so as to form a well balanced tree. In pruning the main branches, 

 remove about two-thirds of the growth and cut back to an outside bud. 

 leaving one-third to form the future branch. 



Where an orchard is in an exposed situation and subject to strong winds 

 blowing from the one direction, trees are apt to grow one-sided. This 

 should be counteracted as much as possible when the trees are \oung bv 

 pruning to an outs.ide bud on the windy side, and to an iniside bud on the 

 lee side, and so' throw the tree against the wind. Good judgment will be 

 required in cases like this, but always have in view that \our trees 

 sho'uld be well balanced ; nothing looks worse in an orchard than to see 

 trees leaning to one side. 



Old trees should be regulated l)y having some of their branches cut out 

 ■where they are rather close ; this allows a free circulation of air, and is 

 also an advantage in spraying. Fruit spurs on old trees should be 

 judiciously thinned out and shortened back ; this will allow the trees to 

 hear a much better quality of fruit than in cases where this treatment is 

 neglected. 



Tree planting should also be pushed on. In .selecting the varieties 

 of apples and pears for planting, preference should be given tO' export 

 varieties, as we must look now tO' our export trade to make fruit-growing 

 remunerative. Jonathan, Cleopatra, Munroe's Favorite, Newtown Pippin, 

 Esopus Spitzenberg, London Pippin, Rome Beauty, Sturmer Pippin, and 

 Dumelow's Seedling, are the best varieties, and bring the most remunera- 

 tive prices. In pears. Winter Nelis, Josephine de Malines, Glou Morceau, 

 Beuire Clairgeau, Beurre cl'Anjou, Beurre Diel, and Vicar of Winkfield, 

 are the best. 



It is a matter for congratulation that pears have carried well this 

 season, very few being returned as rotten. This is in striking contrast 

 to the experience of other years, when the bulk was returned as rotten and 

 wasty ; it points to more care being exercised by the shipping companies, who 

 now generally allot a small chamber for the carriage of pears at a lower 

 temperature than for apples. The prices realized this season will encourage 

 grower's to ship pears on a much larger scale than has hitherto been 

 the case. 



All kinds of small fruits should now be planted. Strawberrv planta- 

 tions that have been more than three years planted should be renewed. 



