454 Journal of Agriculture. [8 August, 1907. 



the ground good, but it required heavily manuring, particularly stable 

 manure. Then 10 acres should be devoted to buildings and yards, bull 

 paddock, calf paddock, and pig paddock. A small orchard and some 

 vegetables should be grown, if only for home use. He had totted up 

 results for the first year's operations, for the financial results were the 

 main thing after all. Of course, he had estimated for everything going 

 on well and smoothlv. The wheat should return ^^loo, to cows grazed 

 on the 40 acres of grass left after cropping, etc., as advised, should 

 bring in ;^ioo, pigs and calves he reckoned out at ^50. That gave a 

 total of ^£250 for the first vear. He admitted it was pretty high, 

 but believed it capable of attainment. Xow for the second year. Wheat 

 and lucerne sowing should proceed until all available land was under 

 it. He advocated sowing w^heat with the lucerne because it gave immediate 

 returns. Well, for the second year he would put in another 40 acres of 

 wheat and lucerne. The other crops might be the same as in the pre- 

 vious year, not forgetting the mangolds. Manuring must not be forgotten 

 and stable manure should be particularly looked after, as it was much 

 better than any chemical manures. The returns might be with favorable 

 conditions — wheat ,-/^ioo. 15 cows. ^£150, calves ^£$0, pigs ^^50 or ^350 

 in all. The farm would then consist of 80 acres of lucerne divided into- 

 10 paddocks with 20 acres devoted to barley, ambercane, mangolds, 

 buildings and yards. The lucerne paddock should be ploughed up say, 

 every eight years. The size of the paddock recommended was 10 acres, which 

 would allow one paddock tO' be ploughed up each year. The ground 

 would be too rank for wheat but was splendidlv suited for oats or barley, 

 which could be made into ensilage. In the third year he would increase 

 the number of cows to 30 and would give up growing grain and go in 

 simply for fodder — barlev, oats, lucerne, ambercane, maize, mangolds — • 

 all food for cows and calves. The returns for the third year should come 

 to — cows ^300, calves ^100, pigs ^100, a gross amount of ;^5oo. 

 People would think the amount set down for calves prettv stiff. There 

 should be 30 calves and the general idea of value of poddies was 20 or 

 30 shillings. He had seen yearlings sold from ^4 to ^5 at 15 months 

 old. He thought these figures could be reached bv all, and that his 

 estimate was reasonable. He would hand feed the calves, using hav or 

 ensilage. They should not be kept too long. He was of opinion that 

 calves were a good asset, and bv breeding pigs he reckoned ^100 could 

 be got. He thought the total of ^500 from the 100 acre holding was 

 good enough. 



As to irrigating there were two different systems, the first for lucerne 

 and the second for mangolds and similar crops. For lucerne he advocated 

 flooding the .surface. The land should be marked out into certain widths, 

 say two to three chains, with channels along the side. The strips should 

 if possible follow the run of the country. The main channel should cut 

 across and supply the smaller channel. With this system almost any 

 kind of ground could be watered. On small holdings he would not have 

 lands too wide. He thought two' chains the most in those cases. He 

 did not advocate grading, but would use the leveller for filling up crab 

 holes, etc. For mangolds, furrow irrigation was necessary. In this, he 

 used short lengths of say i in. pipe put through the bank. They governed 

 the amount of water running into the furrow and one could go away 

 easy in mind after setting all tlie furrows knowing that things Avould be 

 all right on return. He used the Planet junr. cultivator or an orchard 

 plough to make the furrows. There was great benefit in small outlets. 



