9 Dec, 1907.] Elements of Animal Physiology. 761 



body parts only, and not encourage it on the extremities. In shape of 

 head and ears, they should (in outline only) resemble very much the hare, 

 having clean-cut eyes, bridge of nose, and ears, or in other words, should 

 show a defined well-bred appearance. In colour they should have white 

 faces, ears, and legs, but not the hard kempty white often seen in second 

 rate sheep, and not the slatey blue tinge we see in so'-called Border 

 Leicesters with a cross of the other long-wool breeds. A few rich, black 

 spots on ears, and often near the eyes, are not wrong, providing they 

 are not a common dull brown, or dirty black. A rich black spot is called 

 by breeders who have made a success of improving and of individual 

 mating, a " beauty spot." Length of head is a valued point by many 

 Border Leicester men ; they consider it gives less trouble in lambing. 



Sheep of this breed are good travellers for feed and to water, and 

 stand a lot of hardship. They cross well on merino ewes of a shapely 

 class, and the lambs make good freezers. They are very suitable to 

 graziers who have coontry suitable for fattening lambs off the natural 

 pasture, and who depend entirely on the season, for if attention is paid 

 that none but sha^^ely good doing rams with fair fleece qualities are used, 

 the lambs if held over, will make profitable wool growers, and when 

 the good shape exists, easily fattening sheep also. 



It is very dangerous to the good name of this breed that a keen demand 

 now exists for them. They are a breed easily reared, and easily worked 

 up from half-bred and three-quarter bred ewes so as to appear true to 

 type to the ordinarv sheep man, but if all rams in the wool were handled 

 before purchase, and high shouldered and hollow girthed ones rejected, it 

 would do a lot towards keeping the good name now possessed. 



The sheep illustrated were imported, per s.s. Salamis, by Mr. H. 

 M. Sutherland, of Elcho Estate, Lara, in October last, and arrived m 

 first-class condition. They vi^ere' bred by Mr. William Gumming, of 

 Allanfearn, Inver-ness, and purchased by Mr. Sutherland during his 

 recent visit to Scotland. The ram, one year old, was awarded first prize 

 at the Nairn Show, held in August last, whilst the ewes, one year old, 

 secured the first, third and fourth prizes at the Northern Counties Joint 

 Show held this vear at Dingwall. The first prize ewe was Champion 

 Leicester at Dingwall and also at Nairn. 



THE ELEMENTS OF ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY. 



W. A. Osborne, M.B., D.Sc, Professor of Physiology and Histology, 

 Dean of the Factdty of Agriculture in the University of Melbourne. 



{Continued from Page 693.) 



Digestion and Absorption {continued.) 



DIGESTION IN THE CROP AND STOMACH.— The food, when 

 swallowed, enters the crop or proventriculus, which, as we have seen, is a 

 dilated portion of the oesophagus. In man and the carnivores this organ is 

 wanting, and the food therefore enters directly the fundus of the stomach. 

 In ruminants the crop is represented by the large rumen or paunch (first 



