LONG- TAILED DUCK. 447 



indicative of severe weather in the north ; and the examples 

 obtained are, for the most part, young birds of the previous 

 season. In Cornwall it is extremely rare ; somewhat less so 

 in South Devon ; and specimens have been killed on the 

 coasts of Dorset, Hampshire, Sussex, Kent, Essex, Suffolk, 

 and Norfolk. In the two latter, adult males have occasion- 

 ally been observed and obtained ; but they may be considered 

 as very rare to the south of Flamborough Head, in York- 

 shire ; although young birds are not uncommon along the 

 east coast from Noi'folk northwards. Long-tailed Ducks are 

 most frequently found in sheltered bays or estuaries ; but 

 they are occasionally taken on inland waters, and Mr. W. 

 Borrer sent the Author notice of an adult male killed in 

 Huntingdonshire in January 1838. On the coasts of Wales 

 and the north-west of England this species is of irregular 

 occurrence. 



In Scotland the Long-tailed Duck is described by Mr. R. 

 Gray as a familiar winter visitor, being distributed in small 

 flocks off shore from Berwickshire to Caithness ; and on the 

 west side it is very common in the Outer and Inner Hebrides, 

 although of uncertain occurrence south of the latter. In 

 the Orkneys and Shetlands, where small flocks arrive early 

 in October, remaining till April, this species is to be met 

 with on all the inlets or voes ; and, from the loud musical 

 note of the male, it is well known by the name of ' Calloo.' 

 Although proof is wanting, the Editor has little doubt that it 

 breeds on some of the unfrequented lochs of Yell, and he 

 observed it in Sommervoe in July 1879. On the south 

 coast of Ireland it is rarely seen, but on the west it is less 

 scarce, and in the north its appearance, although irregular, 

 is not unfrequent. 



It seems probable that a few pairs remain to nest in the 

 Faeroes ; and in Iceland it breeds in considerable numbers. 

 The notes of the late Mr. Richard Dann, in reference to this 

 species in Scandinavia, are as follows : — " The Long-tailed 

 Ducks are very numerous on the coasts of Norway and 

 Sweden during the winter, but are seen in greatest numbers 

 off" the coast of Scona. Towards the middle of March they 



