448 ANATID^E. 



begin to draw uorth, aud by the latter eud of May appear in 

 vast numbers on the streams and lakes in the mountain- 

 range which divides Finmark from Swedish Lapland. As 

 the season advances they take themselves to the more 

 elevated and smaller lakes, but in Lapland are not generally 

 found within the range of the dwarf-birch. In the Dovre 

 Pjeld, a few straggling pairs make their appearance and 

 breed. They arrived the last week in May, on the lakes 

 and swamps within the range of the birch, and continued to 

 increase in numbers until the 14th of June, when I lost 

 sight of them on the lakes where they had been most 

 abundant. On ascending, however, to the small lakes in 

 the valleys still higher up the mountains, and at an eleva- 

 tion where the creeping-birch and dwarf-willow can only 

 vegetate, I again found them in pairs the last week in June ; 

 the ice had not then entirely disappeared on these lakes. 

 In July, I again lost sight of the females, but frequently 

 found, and shot the males in the most elevated lakes and 

 small pools in the snow mountains. Those I shot were 

 filled with the larvte of aquatic insects." The Long-tailed 

 Duck breeds, but is apparently of very local distribution, in 

 Spitsbergen ; in Novaya Zemlya, however, it is abundant ; 

 aud in Kussia it breeds throughout the northern districts, 

 and in some parts of the Ural. In winter it is numerous in 

 the Baltic ; its migrations extending to the coasts of Den- 

 mark, Holland, Belgium, France, and occasionally to the 

 inland waters of Central Europe. From time to time ex- 

 amples have been obtained at the mouth of the Rhone ; 

 along the Riviera ; on the Italian lakes ; and in the province 

 of Venetia ; but its occurrence on the southern and eastern 

 shores of the Mediterranean has not 3'et been recorded. 



In Asia the Long-tailed Duck breeds throughout the 

 northern portions of Siberia ; and it appears to pass the 

 winter from Lake Baikal southward to Northern China and 

 Japan. In North America it is abundant in the Aleutian 

 Islands, Alaska, and the whole of the Arctic regions as far 

 as Greenland ; migrating to the coast of California on the 

 west, and to the Chesapeake on the east, where it is known 



