10 upupiD^ uruPA 



with ten primaries, the first about half the length of the second, 

 the third, fourth and fifth the longest ; tail square, of ten feathers, 

 shorter than the wings ; tarsus short, scubillated behind as in the 

 larks; plumage dull, without metallic gloss. 



Pig. 8. — Foot of U^pupa africana. x \. 



The Hoopoes form a well-marked family and genus, containing 

 some five species distributed over Europe, Asia, and Africa ; only 

 one species comes within our limits. 



382. Upupa africana. South African Hoopoe. 



Upupa africana, Bechst. Kurze TJehers. iv, p. 172 (1811) ; Sharpe, ccl. 

 LayanVsB. 8. Afr. pp. 134, 808 (1875-84) ; Barratt, Ibis, 1876, p. 198 ; 

 Ayres, Ibis, 1879, p. 294 [Rustenburg] ; Butler, Feilden, and Beid, 

 Zool. 1882, p. 207 ; Holuh d Pclzeln, Orn. Siid-Afr. p. 70 (1882) ; 

 Symonds, Ibis, 1887, p. 328 ; Salvin, Cat. B. M. xvi, p. 14 (1892) ; 

 Shelley, B. Afr. i, p. 112 (1896) ; Bendall, Ibis, 1896, p. 167 

 [Barberton] ; Soiverby, Ibis, 1898, p. 571 [Ft. Chiquaqua] ; Wood- 

 ward Bros. Natal B. p. 81 (1899) ; Alexander, Ibis, 1900, p. 99 

 [Zambesi] ; Marshall, Ibis, 1900, p. 244 [Salisbury] ; Ivy, Ibis, 

 1901, p. 20. 



Upupa minor, Shaw, Genl. Zool. viii, p. 139 (1812) ; Jardine a?id 

 Selby, III. Orn. pi. 142 (1839) ; Gurney, Ibis, 1865, p. 265 

 [Natal] ; Layard, B. 8. Afr. p. 72 (1867) ; id. Ibis, 1868, p. 243 

 [Swellendam] ; Gurney, Andersson's B. Damaraland, p. 64 (1872). 



Description. Adult 7nale. — Head and back brick-red, the head 

 with a long crest, the tips of the crest-feathers being black, the 

 lower back and scapulars barred very pale brick-colour and black 

 extending across the secondaries ; quills black, the innermost 



