KEY Vll. 



h'^. Lower portion of thighs 

 and all the shanks naked 

 without feathers ; bill 

 very long, straight and 

 pointed Herodiones (Herons) . 



b^. Hind toe raised at the joint 

 above the level of the 

 other toes. 



d°. Lower portion of thighs 

 naked, without feathers. 



a^ Toes very long, middle 

 one longer than the 

 shank Kalh (Eails). 



¥. Middle toe hardly ever 



equal to the shank . . . Limicolae (Waders) [in part] . 



¥. Lower portion of thighs 

 clothed with feathers ; 

 spurs generally present, 

 in the males, at least ... Gallinas (Game-birds). 



b^. Three front toes completely 

 webbed, hind toe free. 



a?. Bill compressed or long and 



pointed Gavise (Gulls). 



b^. Bill depressed and flattened, 



never sharp-pointed Anseres (Ducks). 



c^. Bill bent downwards in the 

 middle, lower mandible 

 fixed, upper mandible 

 movable Phoenicopteri (Flamingoes). 



c^ All four toes with lateral lobe- 

 like expansions Pygopodes (Grebes). 



d}. All four toes turned forwards 



and completely webbed Steganopodes (Duikers). 



b. Wings without quills, not used 

 for flight, modified as a swim- 

 ming organ, three toes com- 

 pletely webbed Sphenisci (Penguins). 



