102 BUCEUOTID^ BUCOKAX 



cervical vertebrae are in this case represented only by a rudimentary 

 fibrous cord, and their function is assumed by two superficial arteries 

 running up the neck alongside of the pneumogastric nerve. This 

 arrangement is unknown in any other genus of birds. 



In addition to this the septum by which the gizzard is suspended 

 in the body cavity and the ossification of the tracheal rings which 

 form the syrinx, present certain differences from the arrangements 

 current among the rest of the Hornbills. Full accounts of these 

 matters will be found in papers by Garrod (P. Z. S. 1876, p. 60), 

 Ottley (P. Z. S. 1879, p. 461, figs. 1-3) and Beddard (P. Z. S. 1885, 

 p. 841, fig. 2, and 1889, p. 588, fig 2). 



The genus is confined to Africa and contains, in addition to the 

 species described, one other (B. abyssinicus) distinguished by the 

 possession of a considerable casque, abruptly truncate, and open 

 anteriorly, and also by the blue colour of its wattle. This latter 

 form is found throughout western and north-eastern Africa. 



426. Bucorax cafer. Brom-voyel. 



Bncorax ab^-ssinicus, Gnrncij {nee Bodd.), Ibis, 1861, p. 132, 1862, p. 



37 [Natal] ; Kirk, Ibis, 1864, p. 325 [Zambesi] . 

 Buceros carunciilatus, var. cafer, ScliJcgel, Mus. Pays Bas, i, p. 2 



(1862). 

 Bucorvus abyssinicus, Layard, B.S. Afr. p. 228 (1867) ; Gitrney, Ibis, 



1868, p. 162 ; Ayres, Ibis, 1869, p. 296 [Limpopo] ; (hirney in 



Andersson's B. Damaraland, -p. 205 (1872); Garrod, P. Z.S. 1816, 



p. 60 (anatomj'). 

 Bucorax cafer, Bocage, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 698, figs. 2, 5, 6 ; Sharpe, ed. 



Layard' s B. S. Afr. p. 122 (1875) ; Grant, Cat. B. M. xvii, p. 351 



(1892) ; Eirby, Wild Game, pp. 448, 460 (1896) ; Woodward Bros. 



Natal Birds, p. 97 (1899) ; Marshall, Ibis, 1900, p. 249 [Ma.shona- 



landj ; W. L. Sclater, Zool. 1902, p. 49, with fig. 

 Bucorvus cafer, Elliot, Man. Bucerot. pL 3 (1880) ; Shelley, Ibis, 1882, 



p. 245 [Mashonaland 1 , 1888, p. 49; id. B. Afr. i, p. 113; Alexander, 



Ibis, 1900, p. 100 [Zambesi] . 

 " Ground Hornbill " of some authors. " Turkey Buzzard " of English 



Colonists. " Brom-vogel " of Dutch. " Intsmgizi " of Amaxosa (Stan- 

 ford) and of Zulus. 



Description. Adult male. — Plumage black throughout, except 

 the primaries which are white ; bill and casque black witli the 

 casque rounded above and sloping off to the ridge of the bill, not 

 cylindrical and open in front as in the Abyssinian species. 



