BUCEROTID^ LOPHOCEROS 117 



The following are recorded localities : Transvaal — Eustenburg dis- 

 trict (Ayres) ; Bechuanaland — Kolobeng near Kanye (Livingstone) ; 

 Ehodesia — Tati river (Holub), Semokwe river betv^een Tati and 

 Bulawayo (Buckley) — German south-west Africa — Ondonga and 

 Elephant Vley (Andersson inBt. Mus.); Portugese east Africa — Tete 

 (Kirk in Bfc. Mus.) and Chicowa (Alexander), both on the Zambesi. 



Habits. — These birds are found in small flocks and are shy and 

 wary. Alexander states that they resort to the river (Zambesi) 

 every morning and evening, retiring to spend the middle of the day 

 in thick shade as they appear to dislike the heat very much. Their 

 flight is characteristic. A few rapid beats of the primaries and then 

 follows a long glide through the air without the slighest motion of 

 the wings ; each flight is always directed straight towards the tree 

 for which the bird is making. They feed like other hornbills on 

 both fruits and insects, and in the winter time when fruit is scarce 

 have been noticed by Ayres digging in the ground for bulbous roots 

 along the banks of the Limpopo, in company with Francolins, 

 Babblers and Spreuws. 



Dr. Livingstone first described the breeding habits of this Horn- 

 bill ; he noticed it nesting in holes in mopani and other trees, both 

 at Kolobeng, a mission station in what is now the Bechuanaland 

 Protectorate, and during his journey down the Zambesi. From his 

 account it does not appear that the Eed-billed Hornbill differs 

 essentially from the Crowned Hornbill in this respect. 



432. Lophoceros damarensis. Damaraland Hornbill. 



Buceros erythrorhynchus {nee Temm.), Laijard, B. S. Afr. p. 227 



(1867). 

 Tockus er.ythrorhynchus, Gurneij in Andersson'' s B. Damaraland, 



p. 211 (1872) (in part). 

 Lophoceros damarensis, Shellei/, Ibis, 1888, p. 66 ; Grant, Cat. 



B. M. xvii, p. 411, pi. xiv (1892) ; Shelley, B. Afr. i, p. 115 (1896). 



Description. — Closely resembling L. erythrorliynchus, except that 

 the head and neck are pure white without any admixture of grey 

 and the crown has some blackish-grey feathers mixed with the 

 white. 



Length 19-0; wing 7-9 ; tail 8'0 ; tarsus 1-7; culmen 3-35. 



Distribution. — This species replaces the L. erythrorhynchus in 

 Damaraland proper, the latter occurring only in Ovampoland. The 

 type obtained by Andersson now in the British Museum is from 



