piciD^ 125 



6'. Difference between the primaries and 

 secondaries almost equal to the lengtli 

 of the culmen ; habits arboreal ; shafts 



of tail-feathers bright yellow Campothera, p. 128. 



h. Outer anterior toe shorter than the outer 

 posterior toe. 

 a^. Bill shorter than tlie head, plumage spotted 



and barred Dendrojjicus, p. 135. 



6'. Bill longer than the head. 



a'-. Pluiuage spotted and barred, yellow 



shafts to tail-feathers Thripias, \) 137. 



VK Plumage not spotted or barred (in 

 South African species) ; shafts of tail- 

 feathers brown or black Mcsopicus, p. 139. 



B. Tail-feathers soft and rounded, not spiny ; 



plumage speckled grey lynx, p. 142. 



Fig. 4.1.— Ta,\l oi Canqjothera sinithi. x {. 



Subfamily I. PICIN^. 



Tail-feathers with very stout and stiff shafts ending in stiff points, 

 used as a support when climbing tree trunks and hammering the 

 bark for insects. 



