THE BIRDS OF FAIR ISLE 123 



resident. After the nesting season it is very common 

 in all parts of the island, especially on the stubbles 

 after harvest. I have been unable to ascertain to what 

 extent this species is an emigrant or an immigrant, 

 but suspect that it is both. 



This bird is one of the greatest of feathered bullies. 

 No sooner does a Warbler, Redstart, or other small bird 

 appear in the vicinity of a Rock- Pipit's preserves than it 

 is attacked, pursued, and driven away. The bully, in 

 this case, is not a coward, for I have seen it assault 

 Starlings and Redwings as readily as a diminutive 

 Goldcrest. 



Anthus littoralis, Scandinavian Rock- Pipit. — I 

 saw a fine male of this race^ on i6th May 191 1. My 

 attention was drawn to it by the vinous tinge on its 

 breast, which was quite conspicuous as it stood facing 

 the sun. It is a native of Scandinavia, whence some, 

 at least, move south on the approach of winter. 



Anthus richardi, Richard's Pipit. — Several of this 

 summer visitor to Central Europe appeared on the 

 island in the eiutumn of 1908. It was first noticed, as a 

 shy stranger, about 26th September ; but its identity 

 was not solved until the 30th, when a male was shot. 

 In October several more were detected between the 

 22nd and 29th, and specimens obtained. In 1909 

 one was seen on 26th September, and in 191 1 two came 

 under the notice of the Duchess of Bedford and Wilson, 

 the observer, on 6th October. 



These birds frequented the crofts and open grass- 

 lands, and were extremely wary, and hence difficult to 

 approach. 



Certhia familiar is, Creeper. — On 27 th December 



^ Anthus obscurus littoralis. 



