458 PANDION HALIAETUS. 



late, naiTovver anteriorly, and there having on the 

 edges a few irregular tubercles. Tongue of moderate 

 length, fleshy, oblong, sagittate and papillate behind, 

 grooved in the centre, concave towards the end, the 

 edges rather thick, the tip rounded, and rather truncate 

 than notched, beneath towards the end horny and con- 

 vex. Behind the horny part on each side are about 

 fifteen roundish glands, from which exudes a thick vis- 

 cid mucus. The aperture of the glottis has the mar- 

 gins thick ; at its lower extremity are three narrow 

 central ridges, and on each side three papillate flaps 

 directed inwards. The upper mandible is slightly con- 

 cave within, the lower deeply concave. 



The oesophagus is nine inches and a quarter long, 

 when dilated it is one inch in diameter above the crop, 

 which forms an oblong bag two inches and a quarter in 

 diameter, and three inches and a half in length. Be- 

 low this dilated part, just before the proven triculus, its 

 diameter is three-quarters of an inch. In its whole 

 length it has a distinct layer of transverse muscular fi- 

 bres. The glandular part, or pi'oventriculus, gradually 

 widens, having at its middle a diameter of an inch, and 

 forms below a part of the stomach. Its walls are 

 much thickened and studded with very small glandular 

 lacuuee, which are disposed in a broad zone, an inch 

 and a quarter in breadth, and having its upper and 

 lower margins abrupt. The muscular coat of the sto- 

 mach is extremely thin, its fibres indistinct. They ra- 

 diate from two slightly thickened spaces on the sides 

 near the pylorus, which are analogous to the central 

 tendons of the stomach of other birds. The stomach 

 is only an inch and three-fourths in length, from the 



