64 alt.en's naturalist's library. 



p. 66i (1889) : Lilford, Col. Fig. Brit. B. part xxv. (1893); 

 Saunders, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xxv. p. 241 (1896). 



{Plate C.) 



Adult Male. — General colour above black, with a distinct 

 wash of slate-colour, the scapulars tipped with white ; marginal 

 coverts white ; wing-coverts like the back ; bastard-wing, 

 primary-coverts, and quills slaty- black, the secondaries broadly 

 tipped with white, forming a distinct bar across the wing ; 

 first primary with a white tip of nearly three inches in extent ; 

 second primary also largely tipped with white, with a sub- 

 terminal spot of black on the inner web ; third primary almost 

 entirely black, with a white tip ; fourth and fifth primaries with 

 a broad sub-terminal bar of black, preceded by a narrow bar 

 of white on the inner web ; rump, upper tail-coverts, and tail 

 pure white ; head and neck all round, as well as the upper 

 mantle and the entire under surface of the body, including 

 the under wing-coverts and axillaries, pure white ; lower 

 primary-coverts ashy ; quill-lining dark slate-colour, with an 

 ashy shade along the edge of the inner web, and a kind of 

 light ashy shade or pale appearance along the inner line of the 

 shaft; "bill yellow, the angle of the genys orange-red; eyelid 

 vermilion ; tarsi and toes livid flesh-colour " (H. Saunders). 

 Total length, 28 inches; culmen, 2*6; wing, i9'5 ; tail, 7*5; 

 tarsus, 3"o. 



Adult Female. — Rather smaller than the male, and with a less 

 robust bill. 



Adult in Winter. — Similar to the summer plumage, but with a 

 few greyish streaks on the head, and the colour of the bill not 

 so bright. 



Young. — Brown above, thickly mottled with bars of white or 

 sandy buff or light brown, with occasionally a bar of black on the 

 feathers, most of which are broadly edged with sandy or white, 

 with sub-terminal bars or markings of black ; rump, upper tail- 

 coverts, and tail mottled with black, the latter marbled with 

 black, in addition to the sub-terminal black bar ; primary- 

 coverts and primaries black, tipped with white, the inner webs 

 of the feathers slaty-brown ; secondaries brown, blacker on the 

 outer web, edged and tipped with white; innermost secondaries 



