MIGRATION OF WARBLERS 15 



limit of its breeding range; migration with this species, therefore, is 

 simply the withdrawing of the northern breeding individuals and 

 the massing of the whole species in the southern fourth of its summer 

 home. This same Pine Warbler is also one of the very few species 

 that are confined in the winter season almost entirely to the United 

 States. 



One of the greatest travellers among the Warblers is the Black- 

 poll, of which species comparatively few individuals breed south of 

 Canada, and all winter in South America. The shortest journey that 

 any Blackpoll performs is 3,500 miles, while those that nest in Alaska 

 have 7,000 miles to travel to their probable winter home in Brazil. 



Some individuals of most of the species of Warblers desert the 

 United States during the winter and, indeed, there are only a few 

 species that can be found at all in this country during cold weather. 



The Myrtle Warbler is the hardiest, many wintering regularly 

 as far north as southern New York, while a few may remain in 

 Massachusetts and in Maine, Most of the Palm Warblers spend the 

 winter in the Gulf States; a few Black and White Warblers occur 

 in winter in northern Florida in company with Orange-crowned and 

 Yellow-throated Warblers, some Oven-birds and an occasional 

 Northern Water-Thrush; while, in southern Florida a few Worm- 

 eating, Parula, Black-throated Blue, and Prairie Warblers may be 

 found. 



The Black and White, Nashville, Orange-crowned, Alyrtle, and 

 .Sycamore Warblers occur during the winter in Texas, principally 

 in the southern part. On the Pacific slope, at this season, Audubon's 

 Warbler ranges north to southern Oregon, and Townsend's Warbler 

 is found in southern California. 



Most of the species, and by far the larger number of individuals, 

 therefore, go south of the United States in their migration, but 

 the distance they travel varies greatly. The Prairie, Black- 

 throated Blue, Swainson's, Bachman's, Cape May and Kirtland's 

 Warblers go only to the West Indies. The Worm-eating, Myrtle, 

 Magnolia, Chestnut-sided, Black-throated Green, Hooded, Blue- 

 winged, Nashville, Orange-crowned, Parula, Palm, and Wilson's 

 Warblers and the Chat, go no farther than Central America, while 

 many species spend the winter in South America including some, or 

 all the individuals of the Black and White, Prothonotary, Golden- 

 winged, Tennessee, Yellow, Cerulean, Bay-breasted, Blackpoll, Black- 

 burnian, Kentucky, Connecticut, ^Mourning and Canadian Warblers, 



