BLACK AND WHITE WARBLER 



41 



Fall Migration. — The Black and White Warbler is one of the 

 earliest fall migrants; it begins to appear in the Gulf States early 

 in July, and reaches southern Florida by the middle of the month. 

 South of the United States it has been noted in southern Mexico 

 August 13, 1895; in Costa Rica August 10, 1883; and in Colombia, 

 South America, August 21, 1898. 



PLACE 



North River, Prince Edward Island. 



St. John, N. B 



Southern Maine 



Southeastern New York 



Central New Jersey 



Germantown, Pa 



Great Falls, Montana 



Ottawa, Ont 



Southern Michigan 



Chicago, 111 



Grinnell, Iowa 



Raleigh, N. C 



New Orleans, La. (near) 



Rodney, Miss 



No. of 

 years' 

 record 



Average date of 

 last one seen 



September 4 

 September 12 

 September 19 

 September 24 

 September 34 

 October i 



September 13 

 September 13 

 September 22 

 September 22 

 October 8 



latest date of 

 last one seen 



September 



September 



September 



October 15, 



October 12, 



October 12 



September 



September 



September 



September 



September 



November 



October 21 



October 3 



5, 1887 



19, 1891 

 28, 1898 

 , 1891 

 , 1894 

 , 1885 

 18, 1889 



20, 1887 

 15, 1892 

 27, 1896 

 23, 1889 



ID, 1885 

 , 1897 

 , 1888 



The Bird and its Haunts. — The Black and White Warbler may 

 be said to be generally distributed throughout deciduous woodlands. 

 When migrating it visits the trees of our lawns and orchards but 

 the nature of its nesting site requires less cultivated surroundings. 

 But wherever seen it may be known by striped markings and creep- 

 ing habits. Though it may at times borrow the manners of what may 

 be called the fluttering Warblers, they rarely adopt its characteristic 

 method of running actively up tree-trunks, over and under limbs 

 with all the agility of a true Creeper (Certhia) or Nuthatch. The 

 Pine Warbler clings to the bark of trees, the Yellow-throated Warbler 

 climbs to some extent among the upper branches but in its mode of 

 progression none rivals the Black and White Warbler. 



When flushed from the nest, the female, with tremulous wings 

 trails painfully over the dead leaves in an evident effort to lead the 

 intruder from her home and its contents. 



"The Black and White Warbler is a bird of deciduous and mixed 

 growth, rarely found in the dense spruce forests, and more commonly 

 in scrubby second growth than in the big primeval timber. Not com- 

 mon on the higher parts of Mt. Monadnock, even where,— as on the 

 eastern slopes, — the woods are suitable. Fairly common in summer 

 and abundant in migrations everywhere about the mountain's base." 

 (Thayer, MS.) 



