226 LOUISIANA WATER-THRUSH 



Conn., May 20-July 10 {Bishop) ; Cambridge, Mass., full sets, first lay- 

 ing, May 25-June 5 {Brewster) ; Lancaster, N, H., June 2- June 5 

 (Spaulding) ; Bangor, Me., May 30-June 9 {Knight) ; Listowel, Ont., 

 May 24-June 26 {Kells) ; Kalamazoo Co., Mich., May 27, Gibbs {Bar- 

 rozvs) ; Oberlin, O., May lo-june 15 {Jones). 



Biographical References 



(i) M. Gibbs, Song of the Golden-crowned Thrush, Orn. and 051., X, 

 1885, 191. (2) J. P. N. [orris], a Series of Eggs of the Oven-bird, Orn. and 

 051., XVII, 1892, 65. (3) C. T. Butters, The Oven-bird [in Mass.], Nidologist. 

 III. 1896, 131. (4) W. L. Kells, The Oven-bird, Ottawa Naturalist, XV, 1902, 

 232. 



Louisiana Water-Thrush 



SEIURUS MOTACILLA (VieiM.) Plate XVII 



Distiiigttisliing Characters. — The only Warbler with which this species is 

 likely to be confused is Sciurus 11. noveboraceiisis and its v/estern form nota- 

 bilis. It differs from the former as noted under that species, from the latter 

 it may be known by its unspotted throat and buffy flanks. Length (skin), 5.60; 

 wing, 3.25; tail, 2.10; bill, .55. 



Adult (2, Spring. — Upperparts olive or olive-brown, the crown averaging 

 darker the upper tail-coverts browner; wings and tail slightly browner than 

 back and without white markings, the outer tail-feathers, however, are some- 

 times narrowly tipped with whitish ; a conspicuous white line from bill over 

 eye to nape ; lower eye-lid white ; below white, the flanks and crissura, and 

 sometimes sides of breast, more or less strongly buff; dusky lines at sides of 

 throat ; throat usually unmarked, sometimes with a few inconspicuous olive 

 tips to feathers ; breast and sides heavily streaked with the color of the back. 



Adult S, Fall. — Not distinguishable, as a rule, from adult c? in Spring but 

 with the buff of underparts averaging deeper. 



Young (S, Fall. — Not distinguishable from adult c^ in Fall. 



Adult and young $. — Resemble c^ in plumage. 



Nestling. — Above sooty olive-brown, a white superciliary stripe, conspicu- 

 ous behind, faint before, the eye; breast and sides streaked with blackish, sides 

 and crissum washed with buff ; wings and tail as in adult but wing-coverts 

 tipped with rusty. 



General Distribution. — Eastern United States; north to New 

 England and Minnesota ; west to the Plains. 



Summer Range. — The Louisiana Water-Thrush breeds through- 

 out its range in the United States, which extends north to Massachu- 

 .setts (Sheffield, June 11, 1896; Springfield, July 28, 1895 I Mount Tom, 

 April 28. 1869; Leveritt, May 18, 1871 ; Amhenst, July 12, 1886). 

 New York (Lake George, May 8, 1877, and May 16. 1881). Ontario 

 (Toronto, London, Guelph), Michigan (Detroit), Wisconsin (Del- 

 avan. May 18, 1900; Milwaukee County, April 25. 1897. Lake Kosh- 

 konong), and Minnesota (Red Wing). 



