THE SCAUP DUCKS. 1 3 



Fuhgula cristata, Macg. Br. B. v. p. 121 (1852); Dresser, B. 

 Eur. vi. p. 573, pi. 437 (1879) ; B. O. U. List Br. B. p. 129 

 (1883); Seeb Br. B.iii.p. 583 (1885); Saunders, ed. Yarn 

 Brit. B. iv. p. 430 (1885); id. Man. Br. B. p. 435 (1889); 

 Lilford, Col. Fig. Br. B. part xiii. (1890). 



Fuligula fitligula^ Salvad. Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xxvii. p. t^Gt^ 

 (1895). 



Adult Male. — General colour above black, with a slight green- 

 ish gloss, and with faint indications of grey frecklings ; the 

 wing-coverts like the back, including the bastard-wing and 

 primary-coverts ; the primaries black externally and at the 

 ends of the inner webs, the latter being brown on the outer 

 ]^rimaries, paler and inclining to white on the inner ones, where 

 the light colour extends to the outer web also ; the secondaries 

 white, with a black band at the end, the innermost black, 

 glossed with green ; tail dusky-brown ; crown of head with a 

 tufted crest black, slightly glossed with purple ; sides of face, 

 neck, and throat black, with a very distinct purple gloss, chang- 

 ing to green under certain lights ; fore-neck dusky-black, 

 freckled with whitish bars on the lower part; remainder of 

 under surface of body from the fore-neck downwards pure 

 white, the vent and sides of lower flanks and under tail-coverts 

 black ; the flank-feathers brown at their ends ; under wing- 

 coverts and axillaries white, the lower primary-coverts pale 

 ashy like the quill-lining ; " bill dull leaden to bright greyish- 

 blue, the nail and extreme tip black ; feet varying in colour 

 like the bill, often with an olivaceous tinge on the tarsi ; webs 

 varying from dusky to almost black, and the claws from deep 

 brown to black ; iris golden-yellow " {A. O. Hume). Total 

 length, I4"5 inches; culmen, 1*5 ; wing, 7-9 ; tail, 2*1 ; tarsus, 



I"2. 



Adult Female. — Browner than the male, with obscure edges of 

 paler brown to the feathers of the mantle ; wings and tail as 

 in the male, but the former without green gloss ; the head only 

 slightly crested, and, like the neck and throat, dark brown, 

 inclining to blackish; the fore-neck rusty-brown ; under surface 

 of body from the fore-neck downwards pure white, mottled 

 with dusky spots on the lower abdomen, vent, and under tail- 

 coverts ; the flanks washed with rusty-brown ; the colours of 



